by Israel and Palestinian militants in the Gaza Strip are involved in some of the most intense violence for months. Militants are firing volleys of rockets into Israel and Gaza is being hit by waves of air strikes. Here is a look at what is going on.
Why is there always fighting between Israel and Gaza?
The Gaza Strip, sandwiched between Israel and Egypt, has been a recurring flashpoint in the Israel-Palestinian conflict for years.
Israel occupied Gaza in the 1967 Middle East war and only pulled its troops and settlers out in 2005. Israel considered this the end of the occupation, but it still exercises control over most of Gaza's borders, waters and airspace. Egypt controls Gaza's southern border.
Israel has imposed tight restrictions on the movement of goods and people in and out of the Gaza Strip, measures it says are vital for its own security.
However, Palestinians in Gaza feel confined and are suffering socio-economic hardship. The dominant Islamist Palestinian movement Hamas and other militant groups say the restrictions are intolerable.
Hamas's charter is committed to Israel's destruction but in recent years it has said it will consider a long-term truce with Israel. It cites Israel's continued occupation of the West Bank and East Jerusalem as reasons for its attacks on the Jewish state before and after 2005.
It says it is also acting in self-defence against Israeli air strikes, incursions and other military assaults.
Who are Hamas?
History of Mid-East Peace Talks
What caused the latest escalation?
Rocket fire and air strikes increased after the abduction and killing of three Israeli teenagers in June, which Israel blamed on Hamas and which led to a crackdown on the group in the West Bank. Hamas denied being behind the killings. Tensions rose further after the suspected revenge killing of a Palestinian teenager in Jerusalem on 2 July, after which six suspects were arrested.
On 7 July, Hamas claimed responsibility for firing rockets for the first time in 20 months, after a series of Israeli air strikes in which several members of its armed wing were killed.
The next day, Israel launched Operation Protective Edge, which it said was aimed at stopping rocket attacks and destroying Hamas' capabilities.
Since then, there have been hundreds of air strikes and hundreds of rockets have been fired.
Analysts point to the fact that Hamas has become increasingly isolated in Gaza after losing the support of its former staunch ally Syria and to a lesser extent Iran, and seeing the Egyptian authorities crack down on smuggling tunnels following the overthrow of Islamist President Mohammed Morsi. Attacking Israel, they say, may be a way for Hamas to try to boost its popularity and obtain concessions in any eventual ceasefire.
A vicious cycle of violence
Voices from Israel and Gaza: 'I'm not afraid of being killed'
Voices from Israel and Gaza: 'It's not worth living'
Israeli and Gaza women give views on the conflict
Why is it so hard to get the sides to agree to a ceasefire?
Israelis take cover as a siren warning of incoming rockets sounds in the southern city of Ashkelon on 28 July 2014. Israel says it aims to end the threat by Palestinian militants from rockets and tunnels
There have been multiple efforts to get both sides to agree to a ceasefire, but in the first three weeks truces were short-lived.
The first truce plan was proposed by Egypt after one week - Israel accepted it but Hamas said it was not consulted and later on rejected it as "a surrender".
Since then there have been several attempts to stop the fighting, including trying to achieve pauses for humanitarian reasons. There have been brief respites but none which have endured. Israel says it has accepted successive truce proposals but resumed fire after continuous rocket attacks from Hamas.
Hamas says it will accept a lasting ceasefire so long as it leads to a lifting of the blockade of Gaza - something Israel is not considering.
The US is working on a staged ceasefire proposal, based on the Egyptian plan. However, the US has no formal contacts with Hamas, which it considers a terrorist group, and while Qatar and Turkey, both supporters of Hamas, have been involved in the discussions, Israel does not trust them.
Israel says even if it adopts a ceasefire, it will continue searching out and destroying tunnels Hamas has built to infiltrate Israel and carry out attacks.
How long will the conflict go on for?
The fighting has now lasted longer than the previous Israel-Gaza conflicts in 2008-09 (22 days) and 2012 (eight days) and does not look like stopping any time soon.
As the conflict ended its third week, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu warned Israelis to be prepared for a "prolonged" war.
Israel has said Operation Protective Edge will carry on for as long as it takes to restore quiet and safety for Israelis, while Hamas has also vowed to fight on until they can be guaranteed the blockade will be lifted.
According to the Israeli military, after the first two weeks Hamas's rocket arsenal was depleted by about half, through air strikes or the firing of the rockets. Israel's focus is now on destroying tunnels which it could not hit from the air. It says it will continue these operations during any ceasefire.
The Palestinians insist they will not accept the presence of any Israeli troops in Gaza, suggesting a situation of attack and counter-attack will continue.
Ground war a turning point?
What are the two sides' goals?
Israel's main declared aim is to stop rocket fire from Gaza once and for all. It has also said it aims to destroy Hamas network of tunnels running between Gaza and Israel and wants the territory to ultimately be demilitarised.
Palestinian militants have used tunnels to carry out attacks, some of which have been thwarted by the Israeli military. Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit was abducted by Hamas gunmen, who ambushed Israeli troops via a tunnel in 2006. On the morning of the day the ground offensive was launched, the Israeli military intercepted 13 militants who had used a tunnel to infiltrate Israel, and were believed to be planning to attack a nearby kibbutz.
Hamas' political leaders say they will only stop fighting when there is an end to the blockade of Gaza. The group's armed wing though has said it will only accept a ceasefire if:
Israel stops "all aggression" in the West Bank, Jerusalem and Gaza
Commits to the 2012 ceasefire
Stops trying to undermine the recently formed Palestinian unity government
Frees prisoners released in exchange for Gilad Shalit in 2011 but who have recently been re-arrested
What can Israel and Hamas gain from latest conflict?
How come civilians are bearing the brunt?
Gaza is a small territory with a large population and Palestinian officials say many of the casualties were caused by air strikes in residential areas. President Mahmoud Abbas has accused Israel of committing "genocide" while human rights groups have warned Israel that air strikes in densely populated areas or direct attacks on civilian homes could violate international law.
Israel has said the homes it has bombed belonged to senior militants and served as command centres where rocket attacks were co-ordinated. It says militants deliberately fire rockets from civilian areas and store rockets in places like homes, school and hospitals - a charge Hamas denies.
Israel-Gaza attacks
8 July
Israeli offensive began
4,100+ air strikes on Gaza
2,670+ rockets fired at Israel
1,200 people killed in Gaza
UN estimates 74% of deaths are civilians
3 civilians killed in Israel
53 Israeli soldiers killed
( Figures as of 09:00GMT, 30 July. Sources: Palestinian Health Ministry, OCHA, IDF )
Israel also points out that the hundreds of unguided rockets that have been fired at its territory directly threaten its civilians.
Long-range rockets have been launched towards population centres such as Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, as well as further north. Human rights groups have said the firing of indiscriminate rockets endangers civilians and constitutes a war crime.
What weapons are being used in the Israel-Gaza conflict?
Gaza offensives: How do the tolls compare?
The two sides have fought wars before. How did they end?
Israel launched a ground offensive in December 2008 dubbed Operation Cast Lead in response to rocket fire. It ended when Israel declared a unilateral ceasefire 22 days later, saying its goals were "more than fully achieved".
An estimated 1,300 Palestinians had been killed, many of them civilians. Thirteen Israelis also died, including four soldiers in a "friendly fire" incident. Gaza's civilian infrastructure was damaged extensively.
Four years later, Israel launched Operation Pillar of Defence, again with the stated goal of stopping rocket fire and crippling Hamas's capability to launch attacks. Eight days into the operation, Egypt brokered a ceasefire agreement that included a promise from both sides to stop attacks. At least 167 Palestinians and six Israelis were killed.
Breaking Mid-East's destructive cycle
Full story source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-28252155
Why is there always fighting between Israel and Gaza?
The Gaza Strip, sandwiched between Israel and Egypt, has been a recurring flashpoint in the Israel-Palestinian conflict for years.
Israel occupied Gaza in the 1967 Middle East war and only pulled its troops and settlers out in 2005. Israel considered this the end of the occupation, but it still exercises control over most of Gaza's borders, waters and airspace. Egypt controls Gaza's southern border.
Israel has imposed tight restrictions on the movement of goods and people in and out of the Gaza Strip, measures it says are vital for its own security.
However, Palestinians in Gaza feel confined and are suffering socio-economic hardship. The dominant Islamist Palestinian movement Hamas and other militant groups say the restrictions are intolerable.
Hamas's charter is committed to Israel's destruction but in recent years it has said it will consider a long-term truce with Israel. It cites Israel's continued occupation of the West Bank and East Jerusalem as reasons for its attacks on the Jewish state before and after 2005.
It says it is also acting in self-defence against Israeli air strikes, incursions and other military assaults.
Who are Hamas?
History of Mid-East Peace Talks
What caused the latest escalation?
Rocket fire and air strikes increased after the abduction and killing of three Israeli teenagers in June, which Israel blamed on Hamas and which led to a crackdown on the group in the West Bank. Hamas denied being behind the killings. Tensions rose further after the suspected revenge killing of a Palestinian teenager in Jerusalem on 2 July, after which six suspects were arrested.
On 7 July, Hamas claimed responsibility for firing rockets for the first time in 20 months, after a series of Israeli air strikes in which several members of its armed wing were killed.
The next day, Israel launched Operation Protective Edge, which it said was aimed at stopping rocket attacks and destroying Hamas' capabilities.
Since then, there have been hundreds of air strikes and hundreds of rockets have been fired.
Analysts point to the fact that Hamas has become increasingly isolated in Gaza after losing the support of its former staunch ally Syria and to a lesser extent Iran, and seeing the Egyptian authorities crack down on smuggling tunnels following the overthrow of Islamist President Mohammed Morsi. Attacking Israel, they say, may be a way for Hamas to try to boost its popularity and obtain concessions in any eventual ceasefire.
A vicious cycle of violence
Voices from Israel and Gaza: 'I'm not afraid of being killed'
Voices from Israel and Gaza: 'It's not worth living'
Israeli and Gaza women give views on the conflict
Why is it so hard to get the sides to agree to a ceasefire?
Israelis take cover as a siren warning of incoming rockets sounds in the southern city of Ashkelon on 28 July 2014. Israel says it aims to end the threat by Palestinian militants from rockets and tunnels
There have been multiple efforts to get both sides to agree to a ceasefire, but in the first three weeks truces were short-lived.
The first truce plan was proposed by Egypt after one week - Israel accepted it but Hamas said it was not consulted and later on rejected it as "a surrender".
Since then there have been several attempts to stop the fighting, including trying to achieve pauses for humanitarian reasons. There have been brief respites but none which have endured. Israel says it has accepted successive truce proposals but resumed fire after continuous rocket attacks from Hamas.
Hamas says it will accept a lasting ceasefire so long as it leads to a lifting of the blockade of Gaza - something Israel is not considering.
The US is working on a staged ceasefire proposal, based on the Egyptian plan. However, the US has no formal contacts with Hamas, which it considers a terrorist group, and while Qatar and Turkey, both supporters of Hamas, have been involved in the discussions, Israel does not trust them.
Israel says even if it adopts a ceasefire, it will continue searching out and destroying tunnels Hamas has built to infiltrate Israel and carry out attacks.
How long will the conflict go on for?
The fighting has now lasted longer than the previous Israel-Gaza conflicts in 2008-09 (22 days) and 2012 (eight days) and does not look like stopping any time soon.
As the conflict ended its third week, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu warned Israelis to be prepared for a "prolonged" war.
Israel has said Operation Protective Edge will carry on for as long as it takes to restore quiet and safety for Israelis, while Hamas has also vowed to fight on until they can be guaranteed the blockade will be lifted.
According to the Israeli military, after the first two weeks Hamas's rocket arsenal was depleted by about half, through air strikes or the firing of the rockets. Israel's focus is now on destroying tunnels which it could not hit from the air. It says it will continue these operations during any ceasefire.
The Palestinians insist they will not accept the presence of any Israeli troops in Gaza, suggesting a situation of attack and counter-attack will continue.
Ground war a turning point?
What are the two sides' goals?
Israel's main declared aim is to stop rocket fire from Gaza once and for all. It has also said it aims to destroy Hamas network of tunnels running between Gaza and Israel and wants the territory to ultimately be demilitarised.
Palestinian militants have used tunnels to carry out attacks, some of which have been thwarted by the Israeli military. Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit was abducted by Hamas gunmen, who ambushed Israeli troops via a tunnel in 2006. On the morning of the day the ground offensive was launched, the Israeli military intercepted 13 militants who had used a tunnel to infiltrate Israel, and were believed to be planning to attack a nearby kibbutz.
Hamas' political leaders say they will only stop fighting when there is an end to the blockade of Gaza. The group's armed wing though has said it will only accept a ceasefire if:
Israel stops "all aggression" in the West Bank, Jerusalem and Gaza
Commits to the 2012 ceasefire
Stops trying to undermine the recently formed Palestinian unity government
Frees prisoners released in exchange for Gilad Shalit in 2011 but who have recently been re-arrested
What can Israel and Hamas gain from latest conflict?
How come civilians are bearing the brunt?
Gaza is a small territory with a large population and Palestinian officials say many of the casualties were caused by air strikes in residential areas. President Mahmoud Abbas has accused Israel of committing "genocide" while human rights groups have warned Israel that air strikes in densely populated areas or direct attacks on civilian homes could violate international law.
Israel has said the homes it has bombed belonged to senior militants and served as command centres where rocket attacks were co-ordinated. It says militants deliberately fire rockets from civilian areas and store rockets in places like homes, school and hospitals - a charge Hamas denies.
Israel-Gaza attacks
8 July
Israeli offensive began
4,100+ air strikes on Gaza
2,670+ rockets fired at Israel
1,200 people killed in Gaza
UN estimates 74% of deaths are civilians
3 civilians killed in Israel
53 Israeli soldiers killed
( Figures as of 09:00GMT, 30 July. Sources: Palestinian Health Ministry, OCHA, IDF )
Israel also points out that the hundreds of unguided rockets that have been fired at its territory directly threaten its civilians.
Long-range rockets have been launched towards population centres such as Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, as well as further north. Human rights groups have said the firing of indiscriminate rockets endangers civilians and constitutes a war crime.
What weapons are being used in the Israel-Gaza conflict?
Gaza offensives: How do the tolls compare?
The two sides have fought wars before. How did they end?
Israel launched a ground offensive in December 2008 dubbed Operation Cast Lead in response to rocket fire. It ended when Israel declared a unilateral ceasefire 22 days later, saying its goals were "more than fully achieved".
An estimated 1,300 Palestinians had been killed, many of them civilians. Thirteen Israelis also died, including four soldiers in a "friendly fire" incident. Gaza's civilian infrastructure was damaged extensively.
Four years later, Israel launched Operation Pillar of Defence, again with the stated goal of stopping rocket fire and crippling Hamas's capability to launch attacks. Eight days into the operation, Egypt brokered a ceasefire agreement that included a promise from both sides to stop attacks. At least 167 Palestinians and six Israelis were killed.
Breaking Mid-East's destructive cycle
Full story source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-28252155
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