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    On this day in history ...


    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 13th September

    Post by Kitkat Fri 13 Sep 2019, 19:15

    Michelangelo Begins Carving His Statue of David
     
    Begun when the artist was just 26 years old and completed three years later, Michelangelo's David is considered the prime example of the Renaissance ideal of perfect humanity and a masterpiece of sculpture.  The 17-ft (5-2m) marble figure differs from other representationis of David in that he appears tense and is not carrying the head of the slain Goliath.  A replica of David on display in London's Victoria and Albert Museum has a detachable fig-leaf that was made for whose visit?  More...




    • 1993 Oslo accords are signed

      Also known as Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements, the Accords helped create the Palestinian interim self-government or the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) and called for the withdrawal of the Israeli Defence Forces from the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
    • 1974 French Ambassador is Kidnapped in the Hague

      3 members of the Japanese Red Army (JRA), a communist militant group that was formed in Lebanon, stormed the French Embassy in the Hague and took 10 hostages, including the French Ambassador. The siege ended after the militants’ demands for a release of another JRA member, cash, and a plane was met.
    • 1933 A Woman is Elected to New Zealand Parliament for the first time

      Elizabeth McCombs won the by-elections for the parliamentary seat of Lyttelton, which was held by her husband before he died in August 1933. New Zealand extended suffrage to women in 1893.
    • 1899 First Recorded Automobile Fatality in the US takes place

      Henry H. Bliss was struck by a taxi cab while crossing the street in New York City. He died the next day due to his injuries.
    • 1750 The Battle of Quebec is fought between the British and the French

      A key event in the Seven Years’ War that involved the great European powers at the time, the battle took place on the farm of Abraham Martin. Because of this, the battle is also often called the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. British troops under the command of General James Wolfe defeated the French in the very short, 15-minute long battle and took over Quebec. The Battle resulted in the French giving up their control over areas in present-day Canada and most of North America coming under the control of the British.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 14th September

    Post by Kitkat Sat 14 Sep 2019, 15:13

    Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Founded
     
    OPEN is a multinational organisation that was established in 1960 to coordinate the petroleum production and export policies of its original members, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela.  Other nations have since joined the organisation.  In 197e, OPEC began a series of oil price increases in retaliation for Western support of Israel in the Yom Kippur War, and its members' income greatly increased as a result.  Today, the organisation's mebers produce how much of the world's crude oil?  More...




    • 2000 Microsoft Launches Windows ME

      The Millennium Edition was the last of the operating systems of the Windows 9x series.
    • 1985 The Golden Girls Make Their Television Debut

      The popular American sitcom about 4 single and older women living together in a Miami, Florida house ran for 6 seasons on NBC. The main characters in the show were played by Beatrice Arthur, Estelle Getty, Rue McClanahan, and Betty White, each of whom won the Emmys for their acting in the show. The series also won 2 Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Comedy Series and 3 Golden Globe Awards for Best Television Series.
    • 1979 The Afghan President is assassinated

      Nur Muhammad Taraki had taken office less than a year ago when he was killed by gunfire at the behest of Hafizullah Amin. Amin took the seat of the president after the assassination and ruled for only 3 months before he was killed by the Soviets during Operation Storm-333.
    • 1959 First Man-Made Object Successfully Lands on the Moon

      Soviet space probe Luna 2 was also the first man-made spacecraft to land on any celestial object. It was launched on September 12, 1959, and lost communications with Earth as it impacted the Moon’s surface east of Mare Serenitatis near the Aristides, Archimedes, and Autolycus craters.
    • 1956 IBM 305 RAMAC is Released

      The 350 RAMAC was the first computer with a disk drive and was primarily targeted towards business that did real-time transactions. RAMAC stood for Random Access Method of Accounting and Control. The RAMAC 350, which was one of the last vacuum tube computers manufactured by IBM, was replaced by the IBM 1401 in the early 1960s.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 15th September

    Post by Kitkat Sun 15 Sep 2019, 12:04

    Steam Locomotive John Bull Operates for the First Time

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 John_Bull
    The John Bull, c. 1893
     
    The John Bull is a steam locomotive that ran on the Camden and Amboy Railroad, the first railroad built in New Jersey.  Retired in 1866, the locomotive was acquired by the Smithsonian in 1885 and became the oldest operable steam locomotive in the world in 1981, when it was operated in commemoration of the 150th anniversary of its first use.  Though its official name was Stevens, crews began calling it John Bull, and the name eventually stuck.  What made them choose that name?  More...




    • 2008 Lehman Brothers file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection

      Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. filed for bankruptcy protection. This was the largest bankruptcy in US history.
    • 1981 John Bull becomes the oldest operable locomotive

      The steam locomotive manufactured by the British and operated in New Jersey, US became the world's oldest and still operable locomotive when the Smithsonian operated it on this day. It was first put to use on September 15, 1831.
    • 1963 A Ku Klux Klan bomb kills 4 young African-American girls

      4 members of the white supremacy group, set off a timed bomb at the 16th Street Baptist Church, a predominantly black church in Birmingham, Alabama. The bombings marked a watershed moment in the Civil Rights Movement in America.
    • 1935 Nuremberg laws instituted by the Nazi party are put into force

      The laws revoked citizenship for Jews, forbade them from having relationships with people of non-Jewish origin and made the swastika the official symbol of Germany.
    • 1894 Battle of Pyongyang ends with decisive Japanese victory

      The battle was a major land battle took place between the forces of Meiji Japan and Qing China during the First Sino-Japanese War
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 16th September

    Post by Kitkat Mon 16 Sep 2019, 12:37

    Mayflower Sets Sail for New England

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 MayflowerHarbor
    Mayflower in Plymouth Harbour by William Halsall (1882)

    The Mayflower set sail from England to the New World with 102 passengers and about 25 crew members.  After a two-month voyage marked by disease, the ship dropped anchor in Cape Cod Bay.  After spending the winter selecting a suitable site for their new colony and drawing up an agreement for its temporary government by the will of the majority - the Mayflower Compact - the surviving passengers settled Plymouth.  Why did the Speedwell, which set out with the Mayflower, turn back?  More...




    • 1982 Members of a right-wing Lebanese militia massacre 1500-3000 people in two Beirut-area refugee camps

      The killings took over three days in the Palestinian refugee camps of Sabra and Shatila and were led by the Lebanese Christian Phalangist militia.
    • 1978 An earthquake measuring 7.7 on the Richter Scale rocks the city of Tabas in Iran

      More than 11,000 people were killed during the natural disaster.
    • 1963 Malaysia is created

      The Federation of Malaya united with Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore to create Malaysia. Singapore left the arrangement two years later.
    • 1920 A bomb explodes on Wall Street, New York killing 38 people

      The Wall Street Bombing, as the incident is known, was the deadliest such act on American soil to that date. It is still not known who was responsible for the bombing.
    • 1908 General Motors Corporation is founded in Flint, Michigan by William C. Durant and Charles Stewart Mott

      The company, also known as GM, was one of the world's largest manufacturers of cars and trucks. Most notably, the company manufactured Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, Pontiac, and Hummer brand cars.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 17th September

    Post by Kitkat Tue 17 Sep 2019, 15:00

    US Constitution Signed in Philadelphia
     
    The US Constitution embodies the fundamental principles upon which the American republic is conducted.  It was drawn up at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia and signed in 1787, and it was ratified by the required number of states the following year.  It superseded the Articles of Confederation in force since 1781 and established the system of federal government that began to function in 1789.  It includes seven articles and a preamble.  How many amendments have since been adopted? More...




    • 1978 Camp David Accords are signed

      The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin. The accords were the precursor to the 1974 Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty
    • 1939 Man runs 10,000 meters in less than 30 minutes for the first time in recorded history

      Finnish runner, Taisto Mäki, broke his previous record by running the distance in 29 minutes 52 seconds.
    • 1894 A day after Japan wins the Battle of Pyongyang it defeats China in the Battle of the Yalu River

      Also known as the Battle of the Yellow Sea, the conflict was fought between Japan and China during the First Sino-Japanese War.
    • 1862 Bloodiest Single Day of the American Civil War takes place

      The Battle of Antietam was fought near the Antietam Creek in Sharpsburg, Maryland. Thought to be the deadliest single day of the American Civil War – at least 4000 soldiers on both sides died – the battle ended Confederate General Robert E. Lee incursion into the North. While there were no clear victors, many believed that the withdrawal of Confederate soldiers from the battlefield before the Union Army did meant that the Union had won the battle.
    • 1809 Treaty of Fredrikshamn is signed between Sweden and Russia

      Also known as the Treaty of Hamina, it concluded the Finnish War and ceded Swedish territories, which later formed Finland to Russia.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 18th September

    Post by Kitkat Wed 18 Sep 2019, 11:42

    Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is Formed
     
    ICANN is a non-profit corporation that manages domain name systems, the assignment of IP addresses and protocol parameters, and root server systems.  The original mandate for ICANN came from a US government proposal to privatise the management of Internet names and addresses to allow for the development of competition and to facilitate global participation in internet management  Its functions are now performed under US Government contract.  What are some criticisms of the organisation?  More...



    • 1973 West Germany adopts the Deutsche Mark

      This action replaced the East German Mark and helped complete the economic reunification part of the union between East and West Germany.
    • 1959 Vanguard 3 is launched into Earth's orbit

      The geocentric satellite was launched into Earth's orbit by a Vanguard rocket, built by Glenn L. Martin Company, which is now known as Lockheed-Martin.
    • 1934 USSR joins the League of Nations

      It was expelled just a few years later for its aggressive actions towards Finland.
    • 1872 Oscar II becomes King of Norway and Sweden

      He succeeded his brother Charles XV and IV
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 19th September

    Post by Kitkat Thu 19 Sep 2019, 12:18

    Bruno Hauptmann Arrested for Murder of Charles Lindbergh, Jr
     
    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Hauptmannmugshot2
    Richard ("Bruno") Hauptmann
     
    In one of America's most notorious crimes, the infant son of famed aviator Charles Lindbergh and his wife Anne Morrow Lindbergh was kidnapped in 1932.  Although a ransom of $50,000 for his release was paid, the child's body was found murdered.  Two years later, Hauptmann was found with part of the ransom.  In a sensational trial, he was convicted of murder.  Hauptmann maintained his innocence to the last, and although temporarily reprieved, he was executed in 1936.  Why do some doubt his guilt?  More...




    • 2010 Oil rig Deepwater Horizon is declared sealed after a 5-month long spill in the Gulf of Mexico

      Thought to be one of the biggest accidents in the oil and gas industry, the Deepwater Horizon spill or the BP oil spill began on April 20, 2010, when an explosion destroyed the rig and killed 11 people.
    • 2006 A Military coup overthrows the elected government in Thailand

      Forces loyal to General Sonthi Boonyaratglin overthrew the elected government of Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra and dissolved the parliament and the constitution.
    • 1983 Saint Kitts and Nevis gain their Independence from the British Crown

      The first Europeans set foot on the Island country in the West Indies in the late 15th century during an expedition led by Columbus. In 1713, the control over the islands was passed from the French to the British.
    • 1973 Carl XVI Gustaf succeeds his grandfather King Gustaf VI Adolf as the King of Sweden

      Sweden is a constitutional monarchy, where the monarch is the ceremonial head of state. In 1980, Swedish law was changed to allow the firstborn of a monarch to become the crown's heir apparent, irrespective of their gender.
    • 1944 The Moscow Armistice ends the Continuation War

      The peace treaty was signed between the Soviet Union, United Kingdom, and Finland. It put an end to the conflict between the USSR and Finland between 1941 and 1944.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 20th September

    Post by Kitkat Fri 20 Sep 2019, 13:12

    Saladin Begins Siege of Jerusalem

     
    On this day in history ... - Page 7 BalianofIbelin1490
    Balian of Ibelin surrendering the city of Jerusalem, from Les Passages faits
    Outremer par les Français contre les Turcs et autres Sarrasins et Maures outremarins,
    c. 1490


    Jerusalem was conquered by the Crusaders in 1099 during the First Crusade and served as the capital of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem for most of the 12th century, but it was  beseiged and captured by Saladin, the Kurdish Muslim warrior and Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt, after his decisive victory at Hattin in 1187.  The Crusaders negotiated a surrender, and the two parties agreed to a peaceful handover of the city to Saladin, preventing the sort of massacre that had occurred when?  More...




    • 2011 The official US military policy of "don't ask, don't tell" ends

      The policy was instituted by the administration of Bill Clinton in 1994. Under the policy, openly gay personnel were not allowed to serve in the United States military, but they could serve as long as they did not reveal their LGBT status.
    • 2001 American President, George W. Bush Declares War on Terror

      The global military campaign against terrorism was first declared in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks in the United States. The phrase was used by President Bush in a speech given to the United States Congress.
    • 1984 The Cosby Show Airs for the First Time

      The popular television sitcom followed the lives of a Brooklyn-based African-American family called the Huxtables. The show ran for 8 years on NBC and was largely based on the stand up comedy of Bill Cosby, who played the role of Heathcliff "Cliff" Huxtable, the father in the show.
    • 1973 Billie Jean King Wins the Battle of the Sexes

      The mixed gender tennis match between top tennis player Bobby Riggs and Billie Jean King was held in Houston, Texas after Riggs won another mixed gender match against Margaret Court earlier in the year. The matches were prompted by Riggs’ comments that even at an age of 55, he could beat any female tennis player. King beat Riggs and took home the $100,000 prize money. The match was and still is one of the most viewed tennis matches on television - it was watched by about 90 million people around the world.
    • 1904 Wilbur Wright Makes the First Circular Flight

      Wright, who with his brother Orville, is credited for inventing the first airplane, made a complete circle in 1 minute and 16 seconds on the Wright Flyer II.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 21st September

    Post by Kitkat Sat 21 Sep 2019, 11:49

    J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit is Published
     
    The Hobbit is a fantasy novel written by J.R.R. Tolkien, a professor of Anglo-Saxon and of English language and literature at Oxford University.  Adapted from stories Tolkien told his kids, The Hobbit is recognised as a classic in children's literature but also attracts adult readers.  Its sequel, The Lord of the Rings, is one of the 20th century's most popular and invluential works of fantasy literature.  What changes did Tolkien make to later editions of The HobbitMore...




    • 2013 The Westgate Mall is attacked in Nairobi, Kenya

      In a daring siege, militants of the extremist group al-Shabaab took over the Mall. 63 shoppers were killed during the attack that lasted a few hours, and before the Kenyan security forces rescued the hostages, 4 terrorists were also killed. Al-Shabaab declared that it had undertaken the attack as retaliation for the presence of Kenyan armed forces in Somalia.
    • 1964 Malta gains its independence from the UK

      The southern European island country came under British control in 1814 as part of the Treaty of Paris. The country initially retained the Queen of England as its head of state but declared itself a republic on December 13, 1974.
    • 1961 Boeing CH-47 Chinook takes flight for the first time

      The American-made helicopter has been used by the US military in a variety of conflict-related operations including during the recent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. It has also been often used for medical evacuation and search and rescue operations during natural disasters around the world.
    • 1942 Boeing B-29 Superfortress flies for the first time

      The bomber was used extensively by the US in World War II and the Korean War. The two planes – Enola Gay and Bockscar – that dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were from the silverplate series of Boeing B-29s.
    • 1937 JRR Tolkien's The Hobbit is published for the first time

      The Hobbit, or There and Back Again is a young adult fantasy novel that follows the adventures of the hobbit Bilbo Baggins as he traverses through Middle Earth to find treasure guarded by a dragon named Smaug.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 22nd September

    Post by Kitkat Sun 22 Sep 2019, 18:26

    Sara Jane Moore Attempts to Assassinate US President Gerald Ford
     
    In September 1975, Ford was the target of two assassination attempts.  Just 17 days after Manson Family member Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme unsuccessfully attempted to shoot Ford, Moore shot at him outside a San Francisco, California, hotel.  The bullet just missed the president, and Moore was then subdued by a bystander, who likely saved Ford's life.  Moore was sentenced to life in prison but was paroled in 2007.  What has she since said about the assassination attempt?  More...




    • 1980 Iran-Iraq War begins with Iraq invading Iran

      It is thought to be one of the 20th century's deadliest and longest conventional war. It ended 7 years later with no decisive victory and massive losses, both in terms of human lives and in terms of economy to both sides.
    • 1979 The American-run Vela satellite detects a series of bright flashes over the Indian Ocean

      The flashes were thought to be associated with atmospheric nuclear explosions. Some experts theorized that they were caused by joint Israeli and South African nuclear exercises. The governments of both countries denied this and to date it hasn't been confirmed whether the flashes were indeed nuclear explosions, and who was responsible for them.
    • 1975 Assassination attempt on US President Gerald Ford is foiled

      FBI informant Sara Jane Moore's attempt to assassinate the president in San Francisco failed due to a faulty gun and the efforts of ex-FBI agent Oliver Sipple who tackled her.
    • 1960 Mali Federation becomes Mali

      In August 1960, Senegal opted out of the Mali Federation allowing the federation to take on the name of Mali.
    • 1869 Richard Wagner's opera Das Rheingold or The Rhine Gold is heard for the first time

      The first of 4 musical works of art that constitute Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen, Das Rheingold was played at the National Theatre in Munich. The other three music dramas are Die Walküre or The Valkyrie, Siegfried, and Götterdämmerung or Twilight of the Gods.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 23rd September

    Post by Kitkat Mon 23 Sep 2019, 12:31

    Concordat of Worms

    The Concordat of Worms was an agreement reached by Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V that put an end to the first phase of the power struggle between Rome and what was becoming the Holy Roman Empire.  Under it terms, the king was recognised as having the right to invest bishops "by the lance" but not "by ring and staff", meaning he could grant them secular but not sacred authority.  What message about the divine right of kings did the concordat convey?  More...




    • 1965 The Indo-Pakistani War comes to an end after a UN-mandated ceasefire

      Also known as the Second Kashmiri War, the war was fought between India and Pakistan over the disputed territory of Kashmir.
    • 1952 Nixon Makes his Checkers Speech

      The televised speech was made by then-Vice Presidential candidate Richard Nixon as a response to accusations of corruption and use of campaign funds for private expenses. The speech received its name due to the mention of Checkers, a dog he had received as a gift for his children. In the speech, he emphasized that he intended to keep Checkers.
    • 1932 The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is Founded

      The Middle Eastern country was created by merging the kingdoms of Hejaz and Nejd by Ibn Saud, the king of the House of Saud. The day is celebrated as Saudi National Day in the Kingdom.
    • 1909 Phantom of the Opera makes its Literary Debut

      The novel about a disfigured musical genius was written by French writer Gaston Leroux. It was first published as a series in the French newspaper, Le Gaulois. The novel was later adapted as a popular musical and as a film.
    • 1889 Nintendo is Founded

      The Japanese gaming company was created by entrepreneur Fusajiro Yamauchi as a card company called Nintendo Koppai, which was based in Kyoto. The company originally produced and sold playing cards called Hanafuda. The release of Donkey Kong, an arcade game in 1981, brought Nintendo to the forefront of electronic and video games industry.


    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 24th September

    Post by Kitkat Tue 24 Sep 2019, 13:06

    Honda Motor Company Founded
     
    In 1946, Japanese mechanic, race car driver, and self-taught engineer Soichiro Honda founded a company that made small, efficient engines.  It was incorporated as Honda Motor Co two years later and originally produced only motorcycles.  Its clean-burning CVCC engine created an automotive revolution, and its cars won a large share of the US market after they went on sale in 1963.  Today, Honda is one of the world's leading automakers.  What else besides cars and motorcycles does Honda manafacture?  More...




    • 1973 Guinea-Bissau gains independence

      Guinea-Bissau declared its independence from Portugal. The declaration was recognized almost a year later on September 10, 1974.
    • 1957 Camp Nou, a stadium that seats over 99,000 opens its doors for football fans

      Situated in Barcelona, Spain, it is the largest stadium in Europe and the 11th largest in the world.
    • 1948 Honda Motor Company is founded by Soichiro Honda

      The automobile manufacturer is also the world's largest producer of motorcycles.
    • 1869 Black Friday in the United States

      A group of speculators headed by James Fisk and Jay Gould started hoarding gold, which led to high gold prices. The US Treasury under the orders of President Ulysses S. Grant sold a large amount of gold leading to a plummet in gold prices within the span of minutes.
    • 1789 US Congress Adopts the Judiciary Act of 1789

      The act was passed by the first Congress of the United States. It created the US federal judiciary including the Supreme Court.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 25th September

    Post by Kitkat Wed 25 Sep 2019, 09:47

    Sandra Day O'Connor Becomes First Female US Supreme Court Justice

    Sandra Day O'connor
    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Sandra_Day_O%27Connor

    O'Connor is a lawyer and jurist who was the first female associate justice of the US Supreme Court.  She served as an assistant state attorney general in her home state of Arizona in the late 1960s and, in 1969, was appointed to the state senate, where she became the country's first female majority leader.  She was nominated by President  Ronald Reagan to the Supreme Court in 1981, becoming the first female justice.  Who took O'Connor's Supreme Court seat when she retired in 2006?  More...




    • 2008 China launches Shenzhou spacecraft with 3 astronauts

      This was the third human manned space flight mission of China's Space Program.
    • 1992 NASA launches the Mars Observer

      The robotic space probe's main goal was to study Mars. Almost a year later all communications with it were lost.
    • 1977 Runners run the first Chicago Marathon

      One of the world's six major marathons, which include the marathons in Berlin, Boston, London, New York, and Tokyo, the Chicago Marathon was initially called the Mayor Daley Marathon. The first race was won by Rhud Metzner.
    • 1962 The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria is officially created

      Ferhat Abbas was appointed as the President of the Algerian National Assembly, and Ben Bella was seated as the country's new Prime Minister.
    • 1890 Sequoia National Park is established by the United States Congress

      The park, situated in the state of California is famous for its giant sequoia trees.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 26th September

    Post by Kitkat Thu 26 Sep 2019, 16:47

    The Parthenon is Partially Destroyed by an Explosion
     
    On this day in history ... - Page 7 The_Parthenon_in_Athens

    Built in the 5th century BCE on the Acropolis of Athens, the Parthenon was the chief temple of Athena in ancient Greece and the finest example of Doric architecture.  In 1687, during the Venetian attack on Athens, the Turks used it for storing gunpowder.  The stores were ignited during the bombardment, causing an explosion that partly destroyed the building.  Still, its basic structure remains intact and reconstruction efforts are underway.  Where is there a full-scale replica of the Parthenon?  More...




    • 1959 Typhoon Vera hits Japan

      The category five typhoon is thought to be the strongest typhoon to impact the island country in recorded history. The resulting rain, landslides, and damage caused the deaths of about 5000 people in Japan.
    • 1917 Battle of Polygon Wood begins

      Fought during World War I between the British and Australian troops and German army near Ypres in Belgium, the battle ended in an Allied victory.
    • 1914 Establishment of Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

      The Federal Trade Commission (FTC), an independent government agency in the US, responsible for consumer and market protection was established by the Federal Trade Commission Act on this day.
    • 1810 Swedish Act of Succession is passed

      The Swedish Act of Succession, also known as the 1810 Act of Succession was adopted by the Riksdag of the Estates. This act is part of the Swedish Constitution and regulates the succession of the Swedish Royal family.
    • 1786 Protestors shut down the court in Springfield, Massachusetts starting the Shay's Rebellion

      Named after the rebellion's leader Daniel Shays, the revolt began as a response to an economic crisis where people who owed debt were imprisoned. After a bloody conflict, the Shaysites were crushed by the government. This was the first armed internal conflict in post-revolutionary America.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 27th September

    Post by Kitkat Fri 27 Sep 2019, 12:55

    Pope Urban VII Dies Just 13 days into Papacy
     
    Urban VII was chosen to succeed Sixtus V as pope on September 15, 1590.  His death from malaria 13 days later made his the shortest papal reign in history.  His very short time as pope nevertheless gave rise to the world's first known public smoking ban when he threatened to excommunicate anyone who "took tobacco in the archway of or inside a church, whether it be by chewing it, smoking it with a pipe, or sniffing it in powdered form through the nose".  Who succeeded him?  More...




    • 1996 Taliban take over Kabul

      Following the take-over, the Islamic fundamentalist group established the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
    • 1962 Establishment of Yemen Arab Republic

      Gamal Abdel Nasser declared the establishment of the Yemen Arab Republic after staging a coup that deposed the King Muhammad Al-Badr
    • 1940 Tripartite Pact is signed

      It established the Axis powers during World War II and was signed by representatives of Germany, Italy and Imperial Japan.
    • 1937 The Bali Tiger Goes Extinct

      Native to the Indonesian island of Bali, the Bali Tiger was made extinct due to human activities and hunting. On this day, the last known adult Balinese tiger was shot dead.
    • 1922 Constantine I of Greece abdicates

      Constantine I of Greece abdicated in favor of his son, George II, after a military revolt.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 28th September

    Post by Kitkat Sat 28 Sep 2019, 11:14

    Paddington Tram Depot Fire
     
    In 1962, the Paddington Tram Depot in Brisbane, Australia, and 65 of its trams were destroyed in one of the largest fires in the city's history.  The strain that the destruction put on local transportation resources is generally considered to have brought about the beginning of the end for Brisbane's tram system, which closed in 1969.  After the fire, parts were salvaged from the destroyed trams and incorporated into new ones.  What mythical creature adorns the trams bearing the salvaged parts?  More...




    • 2008 Falcon 1 is launched

      Falcon 1, the first privately supported and funded spacecraft, was launched into space on its fourth attempt by SpaceX.
    • 1995 Israel and PLO Sign the Oslo II Accords

      The Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, also known as the Taba Agreement, divided Gaza and West Bank into 3 areas, and gave limited control over some of these areas to the Palestinians. The Accord, which was signed by Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat, also called for Palestinian elections.
    • 1980 Carl Sagan’s Cosmos: A Personal Voyage Makes its Debut

      The widely popular 13-episode science television documentary series was broadcast on Public Broadcasting Service. It was presented by astronomer Carl Sagan and written by Ann Druyan, Sagan, and Steven Soter. It was, and remains, one of the most watched science-based TV documentaries.
    • 1961 Dissolution of the United Arab Republic

      A coup in Damascus led to the dissolution of the United Arab Republic, which was a short-lived union between Syria and Egypt.
    • 1924 First Flight Around the World

      On April 6, 1924, 4 teams of pilots from the United States Army Air Service set out from Seattle, Washington in an attempt to circumnavigate the world. The 4 Douglas World Cruiser planes were named Seattle, Chicago, Boston, and New Orleans. 175 days later, Chicago and New Orleans touched down in Seattle – Boston and Seattle did not complete the 27,500-mile journey around the world.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 29th September

    Post by Kitkat Sun 29 Sep 2019, 12:03

    CERN is Founded
     
    On this day in history ... - Page 7 CERN_member_states.svg
    European Organization for Nuclear Research
    Organisation européenne pour la recherche nucléaire

    Abbreviated as CERN after the original French name, the European Organisation for Nuclear Research is the world's largest particle physics laboratory.  CERN's activities are sponsored by 20 European countries.  It was there that the World Wide Web - developed to promote scientific collaboration by facilitating information sharing - was invented in the 1990s.  CERN's latest project, the Large Hadron Collider, is, among other things, being used to discover the hypothesized Higgs Boson, which is what?  More...




    • 1994 Sinking of MS Estonia

      MS Estonia, a passenger and car ferry, sank in the Baltic Sea killing more than 800 passengers. It is considered to be the worst maritime peace-time disaster of the 20th century.
    • 1991 Coup in Haiti

      President Jean-Bertrand Aristide was deposed in a military coup. Aristide had been elected in a national election held 8 months before the coup.
    • 1972 First Canadian Satellite

      Canada launched its first ever satellite, Alouette 1, on this day from the Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, United States. A joint venture between NASA and Defence Research and Development Canada, the satellite was sent to study the Earth's ionosphere.
    • 1954 CERN established

      The European Organization for Nuclear Research, popularly known as CERN, was established by 12 European governments.
    • 1941 Babi Yar massacre

      About 33,000 Soviet Jews were killed at the Babi Yar ravine in Kiev by the Nazis in a two-day massacre that started on this day.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 30th September

    Post by Kitkat Mon 30 Sep 2019, 13:18

    Mozart's The Magic Flute Premieres

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Croce-Mozart-Detail
    Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

    In the final year of his life, prolific composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart produced the opera Die Zauberflöte - The Magic Flute - featuring a libretto by the actor Emmanuel Schikaneder.  The work is considered a singspiel - an opera in German that contains spoken dialogue and is usually comic in tone.  Mozart brought this form of light musical entertainment to a height of lyrical and symbolic art.  The Magic Flute is said to contain what prominent Masonic elements and symbolism?  More...





    • 2005 Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten publishes controversial cartoon

      The Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published a controversial cartoon of the Prophet Muhammad. The publication led to riots and protests in many parts of the world.
    • 1966 Botswana becomes independent

      Botswana gained independence from the United Kingdom.
    • 1960 Premier of The Flintstones

      The animated series The Flintstones premiered on TV. It was set in the stone age and it detailed the lives of the Flintstone and Rubble families. It ran for 6 years until April 1 1966.
    • 1949 Berlin airlift ends

      After 15 months of airlifting supplies to Berlin, the Berlin airlift led by American forces came to an end. The Berlin Blockade was an international crisis where the Soviet Union blocked access of Western countries into Berlin.
    • 1744 Battle of Madonna dell'Olmo begins

      The battle was fought during the War of the Austrian Succession and ended with the Spanish and French victory over the Kingdom of Sardinia.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 1st October

    Post by Kitkat Tue 01 Oct 2019, 13:01

    Stanford University Officially Opens
     
    California's Stanford University is one of the most prestigious universities in the US.  It has extensive research facilities and places a strong emphasis on scientific, technological, and social science research.  It was established in 1891 by American railroad builder, politician, and philanthropist Leland Stanford and his wife, as a memorial to their son, Leland Stanford, Jr., who died of typhoid in 1884 at age 15.  In fact, the official name of the school is still what?  More...




    • 1991 Siege of Dubrovnik

      The Siege of Dubrovnik began during the Croatian War of Independence. On this day, the Yugoslav People's Army started its offensive on Dubrovnik.
    • 1961 Formation of Federal Republic of Cameroon

      British Cameroon or Southern Cameroon joined the Republic of Cameroon to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon.
    • 1957 Thalidomide launched

      Thalidomide, an anti-nausea drug and sleep-aid, was launched. For about five years it was commonly prescribed to pregnant women as a drug to deal with morning sickness. It was finally withdrawn from the market after it was determined that it caused birth defects.
    • 1949 People's Republic of china is established

      Mao Zedong declared the establishment of the People's Republic of China.
    • 1946 Trial of the Major War Criminals end

      The Trial of the Major War Criminals part of the Nuremberg trials ended with sentences being passed against several key members of the Nazi party.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 2nd October

    Post by Kitkat Wed 02 Oct 2019, 13:02

    Peanuts is First Published

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Peanuts_gang

    The enormously popular sydicated comic strip Peanuts was first published in 1950.  It ran continuously for the next 50 years, ending shortly before the death of its creator, Charles Schulz.  The strip chronicled the childhood travails of Charlie Brown and his friends, including Lucy and Linus, and his dog, Snoopy.  Among the strip's recurring gags was a prank in which Lucy would pull away a football just as Charlie was about to kick it.  Did he ever make a successful kick?  More...




    • 2002 Beltway sniper attacks begin

      A series of coordinated sniper attacks occurred in Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Virginia. The attacks lasted 3 weeks and resulted in the killing of 10 people.
    • 1992 Carandiru massacre

      A prison riot in Carandiru Penitentiary, Brazil, led to the killing of over 100 inmates by the police.
    • 1958 Guinea declares independence

      Guinea declared its independence from France.
    • 1950 Peanuts published for the first time

      Charles M. Schulz's comic strip, Peanuts, was printed for the first time in 9 newspapers around the U.S.
    • 1835 Battle of Gonzales

      The first military engagement of the Texas War of Independence, the Battle of Gonzales, occurred on this day between Texas rebels and Mexican troops. This battle marked the beginning of Texas' War of Independence, which resulted in the establishment of the Republic of Texas.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 3rd October

    Post by Kitkat Thu 03 Oct 2019, 10:31

    What Happened On This Day – 3 October


    Art, Literature, and Film History
    1992

    Sinéad O’Connor tears up a photo of Pope John Paul II on "Saturday Night Live"

    On October 3, 1992, Irish musician Sinéad O’Connor stuns the audience at 30 Rockefeller Plaza and viewers across the United States when she tears up a photo of Pope John Paul II during a performance on Saturday Night Live. O’Connor surprised the SNL staff when she opted to sing ...read more

    Crime
    2011

    Amanda Knox murder conviction overturned in Italy

    On October 3, 2011, in a decision that makes international headlines, an Italian appeals court overturns the murder conviction of Amanda Knox, an American exchange student who two years earlier was found guilty in the 2007 murder of her British roommate, Meredith Kercher, in ...read more

    Great Britain
    1981

    Maze hunger strike called off

    A hunger strike by Irish nationalists at the Maze Prison in Belfast in Northern Ireland is called off after seven months and 10 deaths. The first to die was Bobby Sands, the imprisoned Irish Republican Army (IRA) leader who initiated the protest on March 1, 1981–the fifth ...read more

    Middle East
    1932

    Iraq wins independence

    With the admission of Iraq into the League of Nations, Britain terminates its mandate over the Arab nation, making Iraq independent after 17 years of British rule and centuries of Ottoman rule. Britain seized Iraq from Ottoman Turkey during World War I and was granted a mandate ...read more

    Sports
    1951

    A miraculous home run wins the pennant for NY Giants

    On October 3, 1951, third baseman Bobby Thomson hits a one-out, three-run home run in the bottom of the ninth inning to win the National League pennant for the New York Giants. Thomson’s homer wrapped up an amazing come-from-behind run for the Giants and knocked the Brooklyn ...read more

    U.S. Presidents
    1863

    President Lincoln proclaims official Thanksgiving holiday

    On October 3, 1863, expressing gratitude for a pivotal Union Army victory at Gettysburg, President Abraham Lincoln announces that the nation will celebrate an official Thanksgiving holiday on November 26, 1863. The speech, which was actually written by Secretary of State William ...read more

    Westward Expansion
    1873

    U.S. Army hangs four Modoc leaders for the murder of a Civil War hero

    On October 3, 1873, the United States military hangs four Native Americans found guilty of murdering the Civil War hero, General Edward Canby, during the Modoc War in Oregon. Canby was the highest ranking military official–and the only general–ever killed by Native Americans. As ...read more

    Art, Literature, and Film History
    1967

    Writer, singer and folk icon Woody Guthrie dies

    On October 3, 1967, Woody Guthrie, godfather of the 1950s folk revival movement, dies. In 1963, Bob Dylan was asked by the authors of a forthcoming book on Woody Guthrie to contribute a 25-word comment summarizing his thoughts on the man who had probably been his greatest ...read more

    Art, Literature, and Film History
    1895

    “The Red Badge of Courage” is published

    On October 3, 1895, The Red Badge of Courage, by Stephen Crane, is published in book form. The story of a young man’s experience of battle was the first American novel to portray the Civil War from the ordinary soldier’s point of view. The tale originally appeared as a serial ...read more

    Cold War
    1990

    East and West Germany reunite after 45 years

    Less than one year after the destruction of the Berlin Wall, East and West Germany come together on what is known as “Unity Day.”  Since 1945, when Soviet forces occupied eastern Germany, and the United States and other Allied forces occupied the western half of the nation at the ...read more

    World War I
    1917

    War Revenue Act passed in U.S.

    On October 3, 1917, six months after the United States declared war on Germany and began its participation in the First World War, the U.S. Congress passes the War Revenue Act, increasing income taxes to unprecedented levels in order to raise more money for the war effort. The ...read more

    World War II
    1942

    Germany conducts first successful V-2 rocket test

    On October 3, 1942, German rocket scientist Wernher von Braun’s brainchild, the V-2 missile, is fired successfully from Peenemunde, as island off Germany’s Baltic coast. It traveled 118 miles. It proved extraordinarily deadly in the war and was the precursor to the ...read more



    alien  My personal historical pick of the day:

    In the entire state of Ohio in 1895, there were only two cars on the road, and the drivers of these two cars crashed into each other. – Source





    witchy I'm thinking of changing the source of the information for this thread.
    Fed up with reading about some of the piddly so-called memorable events selected to record as important for that day.
    When events such as follows this are deemed so unimportant as to not even warrant a mention: 

    Great Britain Detonates Atomic Bomb
    October 3, 1952
    Great Britain detonates their first atomic bomb. The test was conducted in the Monte Bello Islands of Western Australia in Operation Hurricane.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 4th October

    Post by Kitkat Fri 04 Oct 2019, 13:26

    Sputnik 1 Launch Begins the Space Race

     On this day in history ... - Page 7 Sputnik_asm
    A replica of Sputnik 1, the world's first artificial satellite, launched in 1957

    The first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched by the USSR in 1957 and spurred the dormant US space program into action, leading to an international competition popularly known as the "space race".  Explorer 1, the first American satellite, was launched just months later, in January 1958.  In the decade that followed, the US and the USSR launched approximately 50 space probes between them to explore the Moon.  What project is said to have marked the end of the space race?  More... 






    • 1992 End of the Mozambican Civil War

      The 15-year long civil war was fought between the Mozambique Resistance Movement and the Mozambican government. The conflict, which began in 1977, just a couple of years after the War of Independence against the Portuguese, resulted in massive losses of human life and property. The civil war ended with the signing of the Rome General Peace Accords by both of the warring parties.
    • 1966 Lesotho independence

      Lesotho gained independence from British rule.
    • 1957 World's first artificial satellite launched

      The Soviet Union launched the Sputnik from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Baikonur Cosmodrome is the world’s oldest and largest space launch facility still in operation. The successful launch of Sputnik spurred the Space Race – a race between Cold War rivals USSR and US to gain supremacy in spaceflight.
    • 1895 First US Open for Golf

      The now annual event was played at the Newport Country Club in Newport, Rhode Island, for the first time. 11 people played the 36-hole competition in a single day. Horace Rawlins, a 21-year old Englishman won the tournament and took home a trophy and $150 cash.
    • 1582 Last day of the Julian Calendar in Catholic countries

      The next day, the Gregorian calendar took effect in Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain by the order of Pope Gregory XIII. The calendar was put in place to realign events like equinoxes and solstices with the calendar, ensuring that Easter is always celebrated around the Northern Hemisphere's spring equinox. Because of the new calendar, several days were skipped, and October 4 was followed by October 15. Today, the Gregorian calendar is the most used calendar around the world.







    On this day in history ... - Page 7 3498609568Some historic trivia:
    Burglars who broke into a house in Essex in October 2000 found a pot containing white powder and labelled "Charlie". Presumably they thought it was an illicit drug, but it was actually the cremated ashes of the homeowner's deceased dog. Police, who found the ashes arranged in neat lines, did not know how much was ingested by the thieves before they left.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 5th October

    Post by Kitkat Sat 05 Oct 2019, 15:40

    Dr. No, the First James Bond Film, is Released
     
    In 1953, Ian Fleming published Casino Royale, the first of 12 novels featuring James Bond, the stylish, high-living secret service agent 007, who became one of the most successful heroes of 20th-century fiction.  Packed with action, espionage, and sex, all 12 books - including From Russia, with Love, Goldfinger, and Thunderball - became popular films.  Although it was not the first Bond book, Dr. No was the first to be adapted for the big screen.  Who starred as 007?  More...




    • 2000 Bulldozer Revolution in former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

      President Slobodan Milosevic was overthrown after hundreds of thousands of protesters gathered in Belgrade to protest against recently held elections. While largely peaceful, the protesters burnt down the Parliament building. Milosevic resigned and stepped down from his office two days later.
    • 1984 First Canadian to go into space

      Marc Garneau flew as the payload specialist on STS-41-G, the 6th flight of NASA’s Space Shuttle Challenger. The flight that launched on this day was also the first space mission to have 2 women - Sally Ride and Kathryn Sullivan.
    • 1969 Monty Python’s Flying Circus makes its debut

      The British sketch comedy series lasted for a year on the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). The show was a commentary on daily life in Britain and had several recurring themes and characters played by Eric Idle, Graham Chapman John Cleese, Michael Palin, Terry Gilliam, and Terry Jones. The sketches are often thought to have had a strong influence on television comedy around the world.
    • 1962 James Bond makes his theatrical debut

      The fictional British spy with the code name 007 was featured on the big screen for the first time in Dr. No. Based on the 1958 Ian Fleming novel of the same name, the movie starred Sean Connery as James Bond.
    • 1947 First televised presidential speech in the United States

      Harry Truman, the 33rd President of the US, called on Americans to use less grain to help Europe which was still reeling from the effects of the Second World War. He asked people to avoid eating meat on Tuesdays and eggs and poultry on Thursdays, and to consume 1 less slice of bread every day.




    alien  Historic trivia: 

    Charles Francis Coghlan (1841–1899), a native of Prince Edward Island, was an internationally known actor. He was appearing in Galveston, Texas, when, he died on November 27, 1899 following a brief illness. He was buried in a granite vault in a cemetery in Galveston, Texas, in a lead-lined coffin. On September 8, 1900, a deadly hurricane struck Galveston (over 6,000 people were killed), and Coghlan's coffin was washed out to sea. In October 1908, off the coast of Prince Edward Island, some fishermen found Coghlan's barnacle-encrusted coffin, only a few miles from his birthplace. It is believed that the coffin had floated into the Gulf of Mexico, where it would have been caught by the West Indian current and carried into the Gulf Stream, moving north in the Atlantic Ocean until it reached the vicinity of Newfoundland, where it would have been thrown off course by a gale, and and then drifted aimlessly until it reached Prince Edward Island.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 6th October

    Post by Kitkat Sun 06 Oct 2019, 13:01

    Battle of Tigranocerta

    Through an alliance with his father-in-law, Mithradates VI of Pontus, Armenian King Tigranes the Great extended his conquests across Asia Minor and founded Tigranocerta - the modern Siirt, Turkey - as the capital of his large empire.  In 69 BCE, Roman forces led by General Lucullus captured Tigranocerta.  With the aid of Tigranes's son, Pompey vanquished Tigranes, who lost all of his conquests and had to pay tribute to Rome.  What early form of chemical warfare was employed during the battle?    More...




    • 2007 First successful human powered attempt to circumnavigate the world

      Englishman Jason Lewis set out on the journey, also called Expedition 360 on July 12, 1994, from Greenwich, London. The over 46,000-mile expedition around the world took him 4,833 days, during which he used only human-powered modes of transportation including bicycles, roller blades, and a pedal powered boat.
    • 1995 First exoplanet orbiting a Sun-like star discovered

      Swiss astronomers Didier Queloz and Michel Mayor announced the discovered the exoplanet called 51 Pegasi B or Bellerophon. The Jupiter-like exoplanet orbits a star called 51 Pegasi, which has a magnitude of 5.49. 51 Pegasi B takes 4.23 Earth days to orbit around its star.
    • 1981 Assassination of Anwar Sadat

      The third president of Egypt, Sadat was killed by members of the terrorist group Takfir Wal-Hajira during a parade held to commemorate the 8th anniversary of Operation Badr - a military operation where Egyptian forces crossed the Suez Canal and overran the Bar Lev Line in Israel. The military operation stated the Yom Kippur War between Israel and a coalition of Arab states. The assassination is thought to be a result of Sadat’s efforts to bring peace to the region which started with the Camp David Accords in 1978.
    • 1976 Coup in Thailand

      Admiral Sangad Chaloryu staged a coup ousting the civilian government of Seni Pramoj.
    • 1908 Bosnian crisis

      Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary declared the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which had been nominally under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. The takeover raised tensions within the Balkan region in Europe and threatened to end in a war.



    alien  Historic Trivia
    The phrase "Bob's your uncle" dates from 1887, when Arthur Balfour was appointed to the post of Secretary of State for Ireland by his uncle, Robert Cecil, Lord Salisbury, the incumbent prime minister of Great Britain.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 7th October

    Post by Kitkat Mon 07 Oct 2019, 12:04

    Willliam II Becomes King of the Netherlands

    William served in the Peninsular War, was wounded at Waterloo, and led the Dutch army in the Belgian revolution after his father failed to approve his conciliation efforts.  Called to the throne upon his father's abdication in 1840, William was imediately confronted with a financial crisis, which was solved by raising a "voluntary loan" among the people.  A conservative leader, he resisted constitutional revision until the revolutionary spirit of 1848 induced him to grant what desired reforms?  More...




    • 2001 War in Afghanistan begins

      American and British troops began air strikes against Al Qaeda and Taliban targets after the Taliban refused to hand over Osama bin-Laden, the mastermind of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, and other Al Qaeda operatives, to the United States. Nicknamed Operation Enduring Freedom, the military strikes were part of the so-called Global War on Terror.
    • 1996 Fox News broadcasts for the first time

      The 24-hour news channel with the slogan Fair and Balanced was created by Australian-American businessman and media tycoon, Rupert Murdoch. Today, it is one of the most watched news channels in the United States.
    • 1959 People on Earth Get the First Glimpse of the Dark Side of the Moon

      Soviet spacecraft Luna 3 took pictures of the far side of the Moon. The images sent by the probe covered about 70% of the far side of Earth’s natural satellite and they were instrumental in helping astronomers make the first atlas of the dark side of the Moon. The far or dark side of the Moon is the side of the Moon that cannot be seen from Earth because of the way the Moon orbits around the Earth and rotate on its own axis. Due to lunar libration, people on Earth can see about 59% of the Moon over time.
    • 1944 Auschwitz-Birkenau Sonderkommando Revolt

      The short-lived rebellion was staged by prisoners who worked at a crematorium after they learned that the Nazis planned to execute most of the squad. The revolt was quickly put down, and over 450 people were killed.
    • 1919 KLM is formed

      The official airline of the Netherlands, Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V. or KLM, is the oldest airline that still operates under its original name. The first flight of the airline took place on May 17, 1920 between London and Amsterdam in a leased airplane.



    alien  Historic Trivia

    A recipe for disaster

    The following was a fatal recipe for a dinner date reported in the Northampton Mercury, 11 September 1830: “Mrs Shaw, wife of Thomas Shaw, mercer and draper, boiled a leg of mutton for her family in a saucepan which had some days previously been used to boil arsenic for the purpose of destroying vermin.
    “When the dinner was prepared, Mrs Shaw sent part of the broth to a young man who was unwell, and partook of some herself. The Rev John Hughes, Wesleyan Minister, having called in, was invited to dinner. He and Mr Shaw sat down, and were in the act of eating, when Mrs Shaw was taken suddenly ill; and, as the use previously made of the saucepan in which she prepared the broth returned to her mind, she desired them to eat no more.
    “The unfortunate woman lingered in great pain until Saturday evening, when she expired.”
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 8th October

    Post by Kitkat Tue 08 Oct 2019, 13:50

    San Marino Adopts its Constitution
     
    On this day in history ... - Page 7 250px-Location_San_Marino_Europe
    Location of San Marino (green) in Europe

    Occupying just 24 sq mi (62 sq km), San Marino is the world's smallest republic and, having enacted a constitution in 1600, perhaps Europe's oldest existing republic.  According to tradition, St. Marinus, a Christian stonecutter, took refuge in the 4th century on Mount Titano, and the community of San Marino was soon formed.  Because of its relatively inaccessible location, it has since maintained its independence with only a few brief interruptions.  Who did San Marino harbour during WWII? More...




    • 1956 The first perfect game in Major League Baseball World Series

      New York Yankees’ Don Larsen pitched the only no-hitter game against the Brooklyn Dodgers in the history of the World Series.
    • 1948 World’s first internal pacemaker implanted

      A 43-year-old man called Arne Larsson was the recipient of the pacemaker which worked only for a few hours. However, Larsson lived long after the pacemaker stopped working. He died in 2001 at the age of 86.
    • 1919 World’s first transcontinental air race

      63 airplanes – 15 from San Francisco and 48 from New York – took part in this 5400-mile round-trip race. The winner, Lieutenant Belvin Maynard, took 3 days and 21 hours to return to New York.
    • 1912 First Balkan war begins

      Montenegro started the conflict by declaring war on the Ottoman Empire. A few days later Greece, Bulgaria, and Serbia joined the war and created the Balkan League. The 7-month long war ended with a decisive Balkan League victory. Dissatisfaction over the spoils of the war led to the Second Balkan War a year later.
    • 1871 Great Chicago fire begins

      The fire that destroyed most of Chicago’s business district began in a barn on the evening of October 8, 1871. A very dry summer and an early autumn fanned the fire, which raged for 2 days. It killed over 300 people and destroyed property worth millions of dollars.





    On this day in history ... - Page 7 3779887036  Historic Trivia
    The longest place name in the United Kingdom is Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch, a village of around 3,000 people in Wales on the island of Anglesey.
    The longest place name in the world is the name of a hill in New Zealand, Tuamatawhataktankihangakoauauotamateaturipukakapikimaungahoronukuokaiwhenuakitanatahu, which means "the place where Tamateakokai-whenua—the man with the big knees who slid, climbed, and swallowed mountains, known as land eater—played his flute to his loved one."
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 9th October

    Post by Kitkat Wed 09 Oct 2019, 12:59

    The Great Hurricane of 1780 Forms

    The Great Hurricane of 1780 was the deadliest Atlantic hurricane in recorded history.  Coming during a very active hurricane season, the storm formed on October 9 and struck Barbados the next day with winds possibly exceeding 200 mph (320 km/h).  It ehen passed over several other islands, leaving mass destruction in its wake.  Thousands of deaths were reported on each island, and more than 20,000 people had died by the time the storm dissipated.  How did the hurricane impact the American Revolution?  More...




    • 2012 Assassination Attempt on Malala Yousafzai

      The Pakistani education activist was shot at and injured while going back home from school. Malala survived the attack and has since gone on to become one of the leading voices for the education of girls in the world. In 2014, at the age of 17, she received the Nobel Peace Prize along with Kailash Satyarthi, making her the youngest recipient of the prestigious award.
    • 1986 Phantom of Opera makes its theatrical debut

      The musical written by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Richard Stilgoe opened at Her Majesty's Theatre in London’s West End. The plot of the musical was inspired by French author Gaston Leroux's novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, which follows the life of Erik or the Phantom, a disfigured musical genius. The musical is the longest running show on Broadway.
    • 1970 Khmer Republic established

      The Khmer Republic was formally established under the leadership of General Lon Nol and Prince Sisowath Sirik Matak. These two leaders took power earlier in took power in a coup against Prince Norodom Sihanouk
    • 1962 Ugandan independence

      Uganda gained independence from British rule. The country had become a British protectorate in 1894, 32 years after the first European, British John Hanning Speke set foot in the country. Milton Obote became the first prime minister of an independent Uganda.
    • 1874 General Postal Union Created

      The precursor the Universal Postal Union, a specialized agency of the United Nations, was formed after 22 countries signed the Treaty of Bern. The treaty regulated international mail and postage. 4 years later, in 1878, the union changed its name to the Universal Postal Union to reflect the growing international membership of the group.



    alien   Historic Trivia
    The word "dunce", meaning a dull-witted or ignorant person, comes from the name of John Duns Scotus (1265-1308), one of the greatest minds of his time. Scotus, born in Scotland, wrote treatises on grammar, logic, metaphysics, and theology. He was educated at Cambridge and Oxford and pursued his master's degree in theology at the University of Paris where, in 1303, he became embroiled in one of the most heated disputes of the day. France's King Philip IV had moved to tax the Church in order to finance his war with England; in response, Pope Boniface VIII threatened to excommunicate him. For supporting the pope, Duns Scotus was banished from France. He later assumed a university professorship in Cologne. The term "dunce" was coined two centuries later by people who disagreed with Scotus' teachings and his defence of the papacy. To them, any of his followers (a "Duns man" or "Dunce") was dull-witted, "incapable of scholarship and stupid".
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 10th October

    Post by Kitkat Thu 10 Oct 2019, 10:34

    United Air Lines Chesterton Crash

    In 1933, a Boeing 247 operated by United Air Lines exploded mid-flight and crashed near Chesterton, Indiana.  The crash killed all seven people aboard, including four passengers and three crew members.  Investigators concluded that a bomb caused the explosion, making this the first proven act of air sabotage in the history of commercial aviation.  No suspect has ever been identified or charged in the incident.  How did investigators determine that a bomb caused the explosion?  More...




    • 2010 The Country of Netherlands Antilles is Dissolved

      The Caribbean Dutch dependency, also sometimes known as the Dutch Antilles, was formed in 1954. The dissolution came after a series of referendums to become independent states within the Kingdom of the Netherlands were passed on the Islands of Curaçao, St Maarten, Bonaire, and Saba.
    • 1970 Fijian independence

      The South Pacific Ocean island country had been ruled by the British since 1874. Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara became the first prime minister of independent Fiji.
    • 1967 Outer Space Treaty is Enforced

      Also known as the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, it regulated the exploration and use of outer space and created the field of international space law. The treaty declared that outer space and all celestial bodies were the common heritage of mankind and could not be claimed by any one nation.
    • 1964 The Tokyo Summer Olympics Begin

      93 countries participated in the first Olympics to be held in Asia. As a tribute to the horrors of the Second World War, Yoshinori Sakai, who was born in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, the day an atomic bomb destroyed the city, was chosen as the torchbearer to light the Olympic flame during the opening. The Tokyo Olympics was also the first Olympic Games that used satellites - Syncom 3 in the United States and Relay 1 in Europe - to telecast the games. Some of the games were also broadcasted in color for the first time.



    alien   Historic Trivia
    Part of a Roman soldier's pay was called salarium argentium, "salt money", which was used to buy the then-precious commodity, and so pay today is called a "salary".
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 11th October

    Post by Kitkat Fri 11 Oct 2019, 13:37

    Launch of Apollo 7
     
    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Apollo_7_Launch_-_GPN-2000-001171

    In 1961, US President John F. Kennedy committed the US to the goal of landing astronauts on the Moon and bringing them safely back to Earth by the end of the decade.  The resulting Apollo program is said to have been the largest scientific and technological undertaking in history.  The project's first successful manned mission was Apollo 7, which paved the way for the Moon landing less than a year later.  What caused tension between the flight crew and mission control during Apollo 7More...




    • 2000 100th Mission of NASA’s Space Shuttle Program

      Also known as the Space Transportation System or STS, the program was the first in the world to employ reusable spacecraft to take people into outer space. The first flight of the space shuttle fleet, which included Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, and Endeavour took place on April 12, 1981. The 100th flight was on space shuttle Discovery and the mission was designated STS-92. It was the 30th time Discovery had flown into space.
    • 1984 First American Woman to walk in Space

      Kathryn Dwyer Sullivan undertook a 3.5-hour long space walk with fellow astronaut David Leestma while on the Space Shuttle Challenger mission STS-41-G. The spacewalk was performed to demonstrate the possibility of refueling a satellite. STS-41-G was the first flight mission to carry two women astronauts - Sullivan and Sally Ride.
    • 1975 The First Episode of Saturday Night Live Airs

      A popular sketch comedy show, SNL, as it is popularly known, was initially called NBC's Saturday Night, and it was created and produced by Lorne Michaels. The original cast members of the show, which usually opens with the slogan “Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!”, included Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, and Chevy Chase.
    • 1911 Wuchang Uprising

      The Wuchang Uprising occurred in Wuchang, China, leading to the fall of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China. This day is celebrated as an important holiday in Taiwan.
    • 1899 Second Boer War Begins

      The almost 3-year long conflict was fought between British and Irish troops and the Boers from the Transvaal and Orange Free State. The war began as a result of disagreements between the two sides over the ownership of gold and diamond mines in the region. The two countries were annexed by the British at the end of the war in May 1902. The word Boer is the Afrikaans word for farmer and it was used at that time to refer to Afrikaans-speaking settlers in the region.



    alien  Historic Trivia
    In response to England's closure of the Libyan embassy in London, Colonel Muammar el-Qadhafi ordered that England be removed from all Libyan maps in the mid 1980s. In its place was a new arm of the North Sea between Scotland and Wales.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 12th October

    Post by Kitkat Sat 12 Oct 2019, 09:38

    First Oktoberfest Held in Munich, Germany
     
    On this day in history ... - Page 7 200px-Hacker-Pschorr_Oktoberfest_Girl_Remix
    A waitress with Hacker-Pschorr, one of the traditional beers allowed to be served at Oktoberfest.
    She wears a dirndl, a traditional women's dress of Bavaria.

    The first Oktoberfest was held as a horse race celebrating the wedding of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria to Princess Therese von Saxony-Hildburghausen.  In the years that followed, the race was combined with the state agricultural fair, and food and drink were offered.  Since that time the 16-day festival has become, above all else, a celebration of German beer, drawing more than five million attendees annually.  How many millions of litres of beer did Oktoberfest attendees consume in 2008?  More...




    • 1979 Douglas Adam’s Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy Hits the Bookstores

      The first in a “trilogy of five”, the Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, or H2G2, is a popular comedy science fiction novel that was first created as a radio show in 1978 for BBC Radio 4. The show and the book follow the intergalactic adventures of Arthur Dent, who escapes the Earth’s destruction. He is accompanied by several other characters including an alien called Ford Prefect, Marvin the depressed robot, and the Vogons who are responsible for destroying the Earth.
    • 1968 Equatorial Guinea Gains Independence

      The African republic was part of the Spanish Empire since the late 1700s. Known as Spanish Guinea, the country became independent and changed its name to Equatorial Guinea under the leadership of President Francisco Macías Nguema. In 1972, Nguema proclaimed himself president for life.
    • 1964 First Multi Person Space Flight

      Soviet spacecraft Voskhod 1 carried 3 cosmonauts for the first time to space. It was also the first time the crew did not wear any space suits for the duration of the flight.
    • 1960 Nikita Khrushchev's Famous Shoe Pounding Incident

      The First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union removed his shoe and pounded it on the table during a UN General Assembly meeting in New York. The incident was thought to be a response to comments about freedoms in Eastern Europe made by the Filipino delegate, Lorenzo Sumulong.
    • 1492 Christopher Columbus Steps Foot on the New World

      Two months after he had set sail from Spain with crews on 3 ships – the Santa María, the Pinta, and the Santa Clara, Columbus spotted land that he believed was Japan. He had, in fact, stepped foot on what is now the Bahamas. Claiming that he was the first one to set sight on the lands, he declared the lands as being owned by the Spanish empire.




    alien  Historic Trivia
    It isn't true that many of the strange, outdated laws that are still on the books in various jurisdictions are never enforced. In 1999, after falling out of his canoe on the Rifle River in Michigan, a 25-year-old man was convicted for violating an 1897 law prohibiting cursing in front of women and children, and sentenced to four days' work in a child-care program plus a $75 fine. However, the law was struck down by the Michigan Court of Appeals in 2002 and the conviction thrown out.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 13th October

    Post by Kitkat Sun 13 Oct 2019, 14:28

    Ankara Replaces Istanbul as Capital of Turkey

    Ankara Metropolitan Municipality
    On this day in history ... - Page 7 270px-Ankara_2016_genel_kolaj%c4%b1

    Clockwise, from top: Hittite Sun Course Monument and Sıhhiye Square, Anıtkabir,

    Atakule, Kocatepe Mosque, Beypazarı, Ankara Castle and Kızılay.

    Ankara was an important commercial centre for millennia, but in the late 19th century it experienced a decline.  By the early 20th century, it was just a small town known primarily for its mohair production.  After WWI, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk made Ankara the seat of his provisional nationalist government.  In 1923, it replaced Istanbul as Turkey's capital, partly to break with tradition and partly because of its central location.  Who, according to Phrygian lore, founded the city in about 1000 BCE?  More...




    • 2012 Mauritanian President injured

      Mauritanian President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz was shot at and injured. Oficial reports suggest that he was mistakenly shot by the military.
    • 2010 Chilean Miners Rescued

      The last of the miners trapped in the San José copper–gold mine in Copiapó, Chile, were rescued after 69 days. The ordeal began on August 5, 2010, when the walls of the 121-year old mine collapsed and trapped 33 miners. All of the miners were rescued safely by the Chilean government with the help of the international community.
    • 1958 Paddington Bear Makes His Debut

      The popular children’s literature character first appeared in English author Michael Bond's illustrated book, A Bear Called Paddington. Paddington is a polite Peruvian spectacle bear with a special fondness for marmalade. The success of the first book was followed by 20 more books featuring the lovable bear and a successful toy franchise.
    • 1792 Construction of the White House Begins

      The office and residence of the President of the United States was designed by Irish architect James Hoban. It took 8 years for it to become livable and President John Adams became the first president to occupy the building on November 1, 1800.
    • 1773 First Spiral Galaxy Discovered

      French astronomer, Charles Messier, discovered the Whirlpool Galaxy. Also known as Messier 51a, the galaxy is about 30 million light-years from Earth. A spiral galaxy is a type of galaxy where stars, gasses, and other cosmic dust particles rotate or revolve in a spiral around a central bulge. Astronomers think that the bulge consists of a black hole.



    alien  Historic Trivia

    • Honey was used as a synonym for anything pleasant ("land of milk and honey") in ancient and mediaeval times because it was about the only sweetener then available to the West. Sugar didn't reach Europe in quantity until the twelfth century, when returning Crusaders brought it with them from the East.
    • Archaeological digs at ancient tombs have unearthed edible honey.
    • Honey has been used both as a centre for golf balls and in antifreeze mixtures.
    • When a dead body needed to be preserved from putrefaction, the ancients put the body into honey to preserve it. For example, the body of Agesipolis, King of Sparta, who died in Macedonia, was sent home in this way.
    Whiskers
    Whiskers

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty Re: On this day in history ...

    Post by Whiskers Sun 13 Oct 2019, 16:09

    I like the extra nuggets of history that we get now, the green historic trivia. I usually look to read them first now.
    These things we wouldnt normally hear about.

    This one for example lol lololol

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 3779887036  Historic Trivia
    In response to England's closure of the Libyan embassy in London, Colonel Muammar el-Qadhafi ordered that England be removed from all Libyan maps in the mid 1980s. In its place was a new arm of the North Sea between Scotland and Wales.
    surprised
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 14th October

    Post by Kitkat Mon 14 Oct 2019, 10:42

    Theodore Roosevelt Shot in the Chest While Campaigning

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 T_Roosevelt
    Roosevelt, 1915

    During a bid for the presidency in 1912, Roosevelt was shot by saloonkeeper John Schrank.  The bullet lodged in his chest after penetrating a steel eyeglass case and a folded copy of the 50-page speech he was carrying in his jacket, but he refused to go to the hospital until after he had delivered his scheduled speech.  Doctors deemed it too dangerous to remove the bullet, and it remained in Roosevelt's chest for the rest of his life.  What did Roosevelt say about the shooting during his speech?  More...




    • 1994 Two Israelis and a Palestinian Share the Nobel Peace Prize

      The Israeli Prime Minister, Yitzhak Rabin and Foreign Minister, Shimon Peres shared the Nobel Peace Prize, which is annually awarded by the Norwegian Nobel Committee based in Oslo, with the President of the Palestinian National Authority, Yasser Arafat. The Award was given out to the two parties for their efforts and work on the Oslo Accords, a series of agreements between the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and Israel. The Accords created the Palestinian Authority and made it the official governing body to interact with Israel on issues that effect the lives of Palestinians in Israel.
    • 1984 Joseph Kittinger Starts on his Solo Gas Balloon Flight Across the Atlantic

      4 days later, on September 18, Kittinger became the first person to traverse the Atlantic in a balloon called the Balloon of Peace. As a member of the US Armed Forces, Kittinger jumped from a height of 102,800 feet on August 16, 1960, becoming the first person in ever to jump from that height.
    • 1947 First Human to Fly Faster than the Speed of Sound

      American Air Force test pilot, Chuck Yeager, flew the Bell X-1, an experiment aircraft at Mach 1.07 at an altitude of 45,000 ft. In doing so, he became the first person to break the sound barrier.
    • 1926 Winnie-the-Pooh Makes his Literary Debut

      The popular children’s book character was created by British author A.A. Milne and first appeared in a collection of short stories called Winnie-the-Pooh. Winnie, a teddy bear, lives in Ashdown Forest, Sussex, England. The book followed his adventures in the forest with his friends Piglet, Owl, Rabbit, and Eeyore.
    • 1913 Senghenydd Colliery Disaster

      In what is considered to be one of the worst mine disasters in recorded history, 440 people were killed when an explosion ripped through the Senghenydd coal mine in Wales.



    alien  Historic Trivia
    In Barnsley, England, in 1984, Percy the Chihuahua accompanied his owner, Christine Harrison, on a visit to her parents' home. Percy refused to stay in the yard, darting into the street, where he was hit by a car. The dog displayed no signs of life, so Christine asked her father to bury her pet. Percy was put in a heavy paper sack and entombed in a two-foot-deep grave in the garden. However, Mick, a terrier belonging to Christine's parents, refused to leave the grave. He dug up Percy dragged him to the house, and stimulated his circulation by licking him. Percy was still unconscious but now had a faint heartbeat, and he eventually recovered. Interestingly enough, Percy and Mick hated each other, and continued to do so after this incident.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 15th October

    Post by Kitkat Tue 15 Oct 2019, 13:29

    Graf Zeppelin Completes its First Transatlantic Flight
     
    On this day in history ... - Page 7 ZeppelinLZ127a
    LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin

    The Graf Zeppelin was a German, hydrogen-filled, passenger airship - the largest built up to that time.  It inaugurated transatlantic flight service in 1928, making its first crossing in 111 hours.  During its years of service, it completed 590 flights, including 64 to South America, two to the Middle East, and one around-the-world tour.  It was retired from service in 1937, when the Hindenburg disaster brought an end to the commercial zeppelin travel.  Why was the airship destroyed during WWII?  More...




    • 2003 Shenzhou 5, China's first human space flight mission launched

      Launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the middle of the Gobi desert in northern China, this launch brought the Chinese into the exclusive club of countries who have achieved manned space flight. The other countries are the USA and the Soviet Union/Russia.
    • 1990 Mikhail Gorbachev is Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize

      The then President of the Soviet Union received the prestigious award given out by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, for his role in lessening tensions during the Cold War.
    • 1987 Thomas Sankara killed

      Thomas Sankara, the President of Burkina Faso, was killed during a coup led by Blaise Compaoré.
    • 1951 I Love Lucy Airs for the First Time

      The American sitcom aired on CBS and featured real-life couple Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz. The popular show lasted for 6 years and it had several spin-offs after it went off air.
    • 1783 World’s First Manned Balloon Flight

      Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier, a teacher from France, spent about 4 minutes in the air in a balloon made by flight pioneers Joseph-Michael and Jacques-Ètienne Montgolfier. The Montgolfier brothers were responsible for the world’s first balloon flight and for sending the first living being – a duck – on a balloon.



    alien  Historic Trivia

    • Humans can live for weeks without eating, but can only survive around 11 days without sleeping.
    • A woman once fell from a plane at an altitude of 33,330 feet without a parachute and survived. On January 26, 1972, a DC-9 aeroplane from Yugoslavia exploded at an altitude of 33,330 feet over Serbska Kamenice in Czechoslovakia. Flight attendant Vesna Vulovic plummeted to the ground without a parachute. She eventually made a full recovery from her injuries and is still alive today. She holds the record for surviving the longest fall without a parachute.
    • In 1911, Bobby Leech survived a barrel ride over Niagara Falls. After recovering from his injuries, his new-found fame gave him the opportunity to embark on a worldwide lecture tour. In New Zealand, he slipped on a banana peel and died from complications due to the fall.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 16th October

    Post by Kitkat Wed 16 Oct 2019, 10:02

    Marie Antoinette Guillotined
     
    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Marie-Antoinette%3b_koningin_der_Fransen

    The daughter of Austrian Archduchess Maria Theresa and Holy Roman Emperor Francis I, Marie Antoinette was the queen of France and wife of King Louis XVI.  Her devotion to Austria, reputation for extravagance, and connection to scandals made her unpopular and helped to provoke the French Revolution.  After the storming of the Tuileries palace, she and Louis were accused of treason.  The king was executed, and Marie was tried, found guilty, and guillotined.  Did she really say "Let them eat cake"?  More...




    • 1986 First Person to Scale all Eight-Thousanders

      Italian Mountaineer, Reinhold Messner, scaled the Lhotse, in Nepal. It is the world’s 4th tallest peak, and it is one of the 14 eight-thousanders – mountains that are more than 8000 meters above sea level.
    • 1978 First Non-Italian to Win the Papacy since 1523

      Karol Józef Wojtyła, the Archbishop of Kraków, won the papal elections that were held after his predecessor Pope John Paul I died after only 33 days in office. As Pope, Wojtyła took on the name of John Paul II. He was the second-longest serving pope in modern history, after Pope Pius IX, who was in office for over 31 years.
    • 1964 First Chinese Nuclear Test

      Codenamed Chic-1 or 596, the 22 kiloton uranium fission device was dropped at Lop Nur. With this test, China became the fifth nuclear power state in the World. The other four are the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, and France. Israel is thought to have nuclear weapons, however, they do not publicly admit the fact.
    • 1945 Food and Agriculture Organization established

      The Food and Agriculture Organization, popularly known as the FAO was established in Quebec City, Canada.
    • 1923 The Walt Disney Company is Founded

      A leader in the international entertainment industry, the company was created by brothers Walt and Roy as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio. Today, the company is synonymous with cartoon and animated movies and characters.



    alien  Historic Trivia
    The oldest known repair surgery dates back to 49 B.C., when the Hindu surgeon Susruta carried out an operation to treat intestinal perforations and obstructions by joining together the damaged parts of the intestine after cutting into the abdomen. He sutured the segments by placing the freshly-cut heads of giant black ants on the edges of the opposing sections, demonstrating knowledge of the antiseptic properties of the formic acid that is secreted by the ant heads.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 17th October

    Post by Kitkat Thu 17 Oct 2019, 12:59

    The First British Open is Held in Scotland
     
    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Prestwick.18thhole
    Prestwick Golf Club, site of the first Open Championship in 1860.

    The Open Championship of the British Isles, or the Open, is the oldest and one of the most prestigious golf championship tournaments in the world.  It began in 1860 at Scotland's Prestwick course and is now rotated among select courses in England and Scotland.  The first tournament was won by Willie Park, who also recorded the tournament's highest single-hole stroke total - 21.  Though today the Open has a multimillion-dollar prize fund, there was no prize money initially.  Instead, Park won what?  More...




    • 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake Rocks California

      Santa Cruz County was the most affected by the 6.9 magnitude earthquake. About 60 people died as a result of falling buildings and landslides. It was the first major earthquake on the San Andreas fault since the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
    • 1973 OPEC Declares Oil Embargo

      The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries or OPEC led by Arab countries declared an oil embargo on any country that supported Israel during the Yom Kippur War, which was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab states. The embargo led to a massive oil shortage and had long-lasting economic effects in the United States and Europe. The embargo was lifted in March 1974.
    • 1956 Bobby Fischer Wins the Game of the Century

      The chess match between 13-year old Fischer and Donald Byrne took place at the Marshall Chess Club in New York City.
    • 1861 Cullin-la-Ringo Massacre

      In what is thought to be the largest massacre of white settlers by Australian aborigines, the killings occurred after a group of settlers from Victoria led by politician Horatio Wills, set up a camp at Cullin-la-Ringo, which is located in present-day Central Queensland. 19 people were killed during the massacre.



    alien  Historic Trivia
    1814 London Beer Flood
    Vats of beer at the Meux and Company Brewery burst, flooding city streets with 610,000 liters of beer. The almost 15 feet tall wave of porter killed 8 people, some of whom were gathered for a funeral.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 18th October

    Post by Kitkat Fri 18 Oct 2019, 16:24

    Alaska Formally Transferred frrom Russia to US

    In 1867, Russia sold Alaska to the United States for $7,200,000.  The purchase was accomplished solely through the determined efforts of US Secretary of State William H. Seward, and for many years afterward the land was derisively called "Seward's Folly" or "Seward's Icebox" because of its supposed uselessness.  It was not until after the discovery of gold in the Juneau region in 1880 that Alaska was given a governor and a local administration.  When did Alaska become a state?  More...




    • 2007 Benazir Bhutto returns to Pakistan

      The former Prime Minister of Pakistan and daughter of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the 9th PM of Pakistan, Benazir returned to Pakistan after living 8 years in London and Dubai in a self-imposed exile. Two months later she was assassinated in a bombing while campaigning for the forthcoming elections.
    • 1998 Jesse Pipeline Explosion in Nigeria Kills Over 200

      The oil pipeline, which was owned by the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, was situated just outside the city of Lagos. Over 200 people died in the resulting fire that raged for 6 days before it could be put out.
    • 1967 First Space Probe to Enter the Atmosphere of Another Planet

      The Soviet Probe Venera 4 entered Venus’ atmosphere and sent back information to Earth for about 90 minutes before it lost contact. When Venera 7 landed on Venus a few years later, it became the first probe to land on another planet.
    • 1851 Moby Dick is Published for the First Time

      The epic written by American novelist, Herman Melville, is about a sailor's obsession with tracking down and killing an elusive whale that took his leg in a previous encounter. The book was published as The Whale in London for the first time and then a month later as Moby Dick in the United States. It is thought to be one of the best works of fiction written in modern times.



    alien  Historic Trivia
    A group of magpies is called a tiding, one of ravens an unkindness, one of turtledoves a pitying, one of starlings a murmuration, one of swans a lamentation, one of ponies a string, one of rattlesnakes a rhumba, one of crows a murder, one of cobras a quiver, one of foxes a skulk, one of emus a mob, one of elks a gang, one of cats a clowder, one of flamingoes a pat, and one of bears a sleuth. Groups of geese are named in a peculiar manner; when they are on the ground they are called a "gaggle", but in the air they are called a "skein".
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 19th October

    Post by Kitkat Sat 19 Oct 2019, 14:07

    Streptomycin is First Isolated

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 3-s2.0-B9780323415330000118-f11-06-9780323415330

    After coining the word "antibiotic" for bacteria-killing chemicals derived from micro-organisms, American microbiologist Selman A. Wakeman, working with Albert Schart, isolated streptomycin - the fourth antibiotic ever discovered.  Wakeman won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery.  Streptomycin acts by inhibiting protein synthesis and damaging cell membranes.  Produced by soil bacteria, it was the first specific agent effective in the treatment of what disease?  More...




    • 2005 Trial of Saddam Hussein Begins

      The Iraqi Special Tribunal started the trial of deposed President of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, and 7 other defendants for crimes against humanity. Hussein, who was the fifth President of Iraq was found guilty and was executed by hanging a year later on December 30, 2006.
    • 1954 Cho Oyu Scaled for the First Time in Recorded History

      The 6th highest mountain peak in the world, Cho Oyu is part of the Himalayan mountain range and lies on the Nepal-China border. It was scaled by Nepalese Pasang Dawa Lama and Austrians Joseph Jöchler and Herbert Tichy.
    • 1950 Battle of Chamdo (Qamdo) Ends

      Also known as the Liberation of Tibet in China, the war between China and Tibet began on October 6, when Chinese military forces under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping entered the country from Sichuan. At the end of the battle, the Chinese had taken over the border city of Chamdo. The battle was the starting point for negotiations between the two countries over the status of Tibet.or the achievement. However, there was controversy as the award went to Waksman only.
    • 1914 First Battle of Ypres

      Part of the Battle of Flanders during the First World War, the First Battle of Ypres was fought in the Belgian city of Ypres. It was fought between German forces on one side and the Belgian, French and British troops on the other. Fighting continued until November 22, when harsh weather forced the two sides to take a break from the hostilities.



    alien  Historic trivia
    Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, Brian Jones, Kurt Cobain, and Amy Winehouse all died at age 27.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 20th October

    Post by Kitkat Sun 20 Oct 2019, 13:00

    Jacqueline Kennedy Weds Aristotle Onassis

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Mrs_Kennedy_in_the_Diplomatic_Reception_Room_cropped
    Mrs Kennedy at the Whitehouse in 1961

    Jacqueline Bouvier married future US President John F. Kennedy in 1953.  As first lady, she promoted the arts, history, and high style.  After Kennedy's assassination, her stoic behaviour enhanced her standing with the public, but she stunned the world in 1968 when she married Greek millionaire shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis.  For a time, she was the world's premier celebrity, but after Onassis's death in 1975, she returned to New York, where she got a job doing what?  More...




    • 2011 Muammar Gaddafi is Captured

      The deposed leader of Libya, Muammar Gaddafi, is captured by the National Transitional Council Forces. He was killed by the troops soon after.
    • 1982 Luzhniki Disaster

      A stampede during a UEFA Cup soccer (football) match between Dutch club Haarlem and the Moscovian football club, Spartak at the Lenin Stadium in Moscow left about 60 people dead.
    • 1973 Sydney Opera House Opens its Doors

      The iconic building, which was declared as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, was designed by Danish architect Jørn Oberg Utzon. Construction on the performing arts center began in March 1959 and cost over $100 million.
    • 1962 War Breaks Out Between India and China

      The month-long border dispute began after the Chinese launched a two-pronged attack on the border between the two countries. During the duration of hostilities, China and India did not officially declare war on each other nor cut off any diplomatic ties. The conflict ended with China taking control of Aksai Chin and both countries accepting a de facto border along what is now known as Line of Control.




    alien  Historic Trivia

    • Under Massachusetts' Stubborn Child Act of 1654, parents could put their "stubborn" children to death.
    • On July 7, 1973, in Alwar, India, a bus was swept into a river by a flash flood. 70 of 78 passengers drowned because they belonged to two separate castes, and did not share a rope that would have allowed them to climb to safety.
    • Ken Charles Barger, who was 47 years of age, accidentally shot himself to death in December 1992 in New­ton, North Carolina when, awakening to the sound of a ringing telephone beside his bed, he reached for the phone but instead grabbed a Smith & Wesson .38 Special, which discharged when he drew it to his ear.
    • Jean-Baptiste Lully (1632–1687), the first documented conductor, was the first musician to use a baton. It was a heavy, six-foot-long staff that he pounded on the ground in time to the music. One day, at a concert to celebrate the king's return to health, he accidently stuck the staff into his foot. He developed gangrene and died.
    • The worst possible death for a Viking chief was to die peacefully in bed.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 21st October

    Post by Kitkat Mon 21 Oct 2019, 14:07

    Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum Opens in New York

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 NYC_-_Guggenheim_Museum
    Viewed from Fifth Avenue

    Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and opened six months after his death, the Guggenheim Museum represents a radical departure from traditional museum design, spiraling upward and outward in a smooth coil of massive unadorned white concrete.  The exhibition space, which consists of a six-story spiral ramp lighted by a glass dome supported by stainless steel, has even been criticised for upstaging the artwork displayed.  What artists signed a letter protesting the display of their work in the space?  More...




    • 2014 Oscar Pistorius Convicted for 5 Years

      The South African Paralympic Champion was on trial for the murder of his girlfriend, Reeva Steenkamp. He was sentenced to a maximum of five years for culpable homicide. He was released on parole for good behavior in October 2015. However, in December 2015, South Africa's Supreme Court of Appeal upgraded the charges to murder and found him guilty of murder.
    • 1983 The 17th General Conference on Weights and Measures Ends

      The conference passed a resolution defining a meter as the distance traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of about three hundred millionth of a second. Before this, the meter or metre was assigned several different definitions. In 1793, it was defined as one ten-millionth of the distance between the Earth's Equator and the North Pole. In 1960, it was once again redefined by the 11th General Conference of Weights and Measures as equal to “1650763,73 wavelengths in vacuum of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the levels 2p10 and 5d5 of the krypton 86 atom.”
    • 1969 Coup in Somalia

      Siad Barre staged a military coup against the government the day after the death of Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, the then president of Somalia.
    • 1943 Provisional Government of Free India Declared by Subhas Chandra Bose

      Bose, an exiled Indian nationalist and a key figure in the Indian Independence Movement declared the creation of Azad Hind or Free India during a mass rally in Singapore. Netaji (leader), as he was fondly called by his followers, was unanimously declared as the Head of State, Prime Minister, and Minister for War of the new government. The government-in-exile did not have any territory to govern until Japan gave them the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, occupied by the Japanese in 1942, to run. A few days later after declaring the existence of Azad Hind, the provisional government joined the Second World War by declaring war on the Allies.



    alien  Historic Trivia
    In 1898, fourteen years before the Titanic sailed in April 1912 on her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York, Morgan Robertson's novel Futility was published. It was about an unsinkable and glamourous Atlantic liner, the largest in the world. Like the Titanic, the fictional vessel was triple-screw and could make 24-25 knots; at 800 feet it was a little shorter than the Titanic, but at 75,000 tons its displacement was 9,000 tons greater. Like the Titanic's, its passenger list consisted of many of the top names in high society, and there were insufficient lifeboats (24 in the novel, 20 on the Titanic). On a cold April night, the fictional "unsinkable" vessel strikes an iceberg and sinks to the bottom of the Atlantic. The name of this liner was the Titan.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 22nd October

    Post by Kitkat Wed 23 Oct 2019, 00:05

    The Scilly Naval Disaster

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Sir_Cloudesley_Shovell%2c_1650-1707
    Sir Cloudesley Shovell

    Celebrated English Admiral Cloudesley Shovell was returning from an abortive attack on Toulon, France, in 1707 when his ship and several others struck rocks of the Scilly Islands, southwest of England.  In one of the greatest maritime disasters in British history.  Shovell iis believed to have drowned along with as many as 2,000 sailors.  According to one of the many legends about the disaster, Shovell reached the shore alive, only to be murdered by a woman who stole what priceless object from him?  More...





    • 2008 India Launches its First Lunar Mission

      The unmanned space probe called Chandrayaan-1 was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation. The probe successfully landed on the Moon on November 14, 2008, making India the 5th country to land a spacecraft on the Moon.
    • 1957 François Duvalier takes office

      François Duvalier, also known as Papa Doc, became the President of Haiti.
    • 1936 End of the Long March in China

      The Long March, a 6000-mile journey made by members of the Red Army led by Mao Zedong came to an end. The March was undertaken as a way to escape the Nationalist army of Chiang Kai-shek. The end of the March is also known in China as the “union of the three armies”.
    • 1884 International Meridian Conference Adopts Greenwich, England as initial longitudinal meridian

      26 countries participated in the conference which was held in Washington, D.C. In addition to making the meridian passing through the Observatory of Greenwich as the initial meridian for longitude or 0 degree longitude, the conference also defined a universal day which would “begin for all the world at the moment of mean midnight at the initial meridian, coinciding with the beginning of the civil day and date of that meridian; and is to be counted from zero up to twenty-four hours”.
    • 1779 First Person to Jump With a Parachute

      French balloonist André-Jacques Garnerin jumped out of a balloon over Parc Monceau in Paris using a silk parachute that he made himself.





    On this day in history ... - Page 7 3498609568  Historic Trivia

    • The door at 10 Downing Street can only be opened from the inside.
    • In Santos, Brazil, there is a thirty-two-storey tall building that serves as a cemetery. It is outfitted with over 14,000 tombs.
    • In 1974, the U.S. Army Materiel Command ran a contest to name its new headquarters building. Around 500 entries were received. The entry that the contest committee decided on was "The AMC Building". On this day in history ... - Page 7 3738421214

    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 23rd October

    Post by Kitkat Wed 23 Oct 2019, 17:59

    Battle of Edgehill

    The Battle of Edgehill was the first major engagement of the English Civil War, fought between the Royalist army of King Charles I and the Parliamentarians.  The battle ended in a draw, and its inoconclusive result prevented either faction from gaining a quick victory in the war, which eventually resulted in the execution of the king and the establishment of a republican commonwealth.  What did a group of Parliamentarian troops under Faithful Fortescue do when the Royalists charged them?  More...





    • 2002 Dubrovka Theater Hostage Crisis

      About 50 Chechen rebels led by Movsar Barayev took over the Dubrovka Theater in Moscow during the performance of Nord-Ost, a musical. The rebels took about 850 hostages and demanded the withdrawal of Russian troops from Chechnya. The siege lasted for about 3 days and ended after Russian security forces released a chemical gas in the theater. All of the rebels and about 170 hostages died during the siege.
    • 2001 Apple announces the first iPod Player

      The iPod is the world's best-selling portable media player. Already 6 years after its initial launch, Apple announced that 100 million devices had been sold. The company has been criticized for its aggressive policies forcing users to use only original batteries and preventing them from freely sharing content with others.
    • 1998 Swatch Announces Internet Time

      The Swiss watch company invented a new unit of time called the .beat, which corresponds to 1 minute and 26.4 seconds. Under the Internet Time system, a day is divided into 1000 .beats.
    • 1983 Beirut Barracks Bombing

      Two bombs exploded in front of American and French barracks during the Lebanese Civil War, killing about 300 French and American military personnel. Islamic Jihad took responsibility for the bombings.
    • 1964 Jean-Paul Sartre Turns Down Nobel Prize

      The French existentialist philosopher and writer published a letter in the newspaper Le Figaro to explain why he did not want to accept the Nobel Prize for Literature he had been awarded the day before on October 22. In his letter, he said he did not want to take sides in the East and West struggle of the Cold War, by accepting an award that was given out by Western institutions.





    On this day in history ... - Page 7 3498609568  Historic Trivia

    • In 1971, in order to show how easy it is to pass so-called "special bills", representative Tom Moore, Jr. introduced a bill in the Texas (U.S.A.) House of Representatives, which was subsequently passed unanimously, commending Boston mass murderer Albert De Salvo, who was known as "the Boston Strangler". The bill stated that De Salvo's "dedication and devotion to his work has enabled the weak and lonely throughout the nation to achieve a new degree of concern for their future", and that he was "officially recognized by the state of Massachusetts for his noted activities and unconventional techniques involving population control and applied psychology".
    • Over a period of 500 years, a secret religious sect in India called the Thugs ritually murdered about 12 million people. The term "thug" originally was Hindi for "swindler". Starting in the thirteenth century, the Thugs travelled about India in bands, preying on travellers, whom they would strangle and rob. The Thugs were fanatically devoted to Kali, the Hindu goddess of destruction. They lasted until around the 1830s, when the occupying British destroyed the destructive sect.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 24th October

    Post by Kitkat Thu 24 Oct 2019, 14:13

    Annie Edson Taylor, 63, Goes Over Niagara Falls in a Barrel

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Annie_Taylor

    Taylor was a dance instructor who sought fame and fortune by attempting to become the first person to survive a trip over Niagara Falls in a barrel.  Days before her attempt, a cat was sent over the falls to test the strength of Taylor's barrel and survived the plunge uninjured.  On her 63rd birthday, Taylor was set adrift in her barrel and went over the falls.  Shortly thereafter, the barrel was pulled from the water and Taylor emerged - mostly unharmed.  Did she gain the fortune she sought?  More...




    • 2007 China Launches Chang'e 1

      It was the first spacecraft of China’s Lunar Exploration Program, which is responsible for sending unmanned robotic space probes to the Moon and the lunar orbit in order to better understand Earth’s largest natural satellite. The space probe crashed into the lunar surface on March 2, 2009, after orbiting the Moon for over a year.
    • 1964 Zambian independence

      The African country gained independence from British rule with the passage of the Zambia Independence Act 1964 by the UK Parliament.
    • 1945 United Nations founded

      The U.N. charter was ratified by the then 5 permanent members and 46 member states.
    • 1930 Coup in Brazil

      President Washington Luís was deposed by the heads of the armed forces just 4 years after he came to office. The coup prevented President-elect Júlio Prestes from coming to power and the military junta instead installed Getúlio Vargas as the de facto President of the country. The coup was in part a response to the government’s “coffee with milk policy”, which allowed governance power to be alternated between the coffee producing state of São Paulo and the milk producing state of Minas Gerais. This policy led to a rebellion in some parts of the country, which in turn prompted the army to take action against the government.
    • 1926 Last performance of Houdini

      The world famous escape artist performed for the last time at the Garrick Theater in Detroit, Michigan.



    alien  Historic Trivia - Strange Laws and Customs
    • The following curious law was enacted during the reign of Richard I., for the government of those going by sea to the Holy Land: "He who kills a man on shipboard, shall be bound to the dead body and thrown into the sea; if the man is killed on shore, the slayer shall be bound to the dead body and buried with it. He who shall draw his knife to strike another, or who shall have drawn blood from him, to lose his hand; if he shall have only struck with the palm of the hand, without drawing blood, he shall be thrice ducked in the sea."

    • Oxford University once had rules forbidding students from bringing bows and arrows to class.

    • In York, England, it is still legal to kill a Scotsman if he is carrying a bow and arrow and is within the city walls after dark, except on Sundays.

    • In Fairfax, Virginia, it is illegal to use a pogo stick on the city bus.

    • In the city of Milwaukee, residents must keep pet elephants on a leash while walking them.

    • In Kern County, California, it is illegal to play bingo while drunk.

    • In the United Kingdom, it could be considered an act of treason to place a postage stamp bearing the reigning monarch's image upside-down.

    • It is illegal to die in the United Kingdom's Houses of Parliament, and it is also illegal to enter them wearing a suit of armour.

    • It is illegal to drive while blindfolded in the U.S. state of Alabama.

    • Under Massachusetts' Stubborn Child Act of 1654, parents could put their "stubborn" children to death.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 25th October

    Post by Kitkat Fri 25 Oct 2019, 13:00

    George III Becomes King of Great Britain and Ireland
     
    On this day in history ... - Page 7 220px-National-Debt-Gillray
     In A new way to pay the National Debt (1786), James Gillray caricatured King George III and Queen Charlotte
    awash with treasury funds to cover royal debts, with Pitt handing him another money bag.
     
    George III ascended the throne at the age of 22, during the Seven Years' War.  The war had put England in financial distress, and George supported raising funds through taxation of the American colonies.  This policy proved disastrous for him, as it provoked the American Revolution and led him to be blamed in part for losing the colonies.  Later in life, George's mental health declined, and his son acted as regent after 1811.  It has been suggested that he suffered from what hereditary disease?  More...




    • 1983 Invasion of Grenada

      A U.S. led invasion called Operation Urgent Fury was triggered by a coup that ended with the murder of Prime Minister Maurice Bishop. The invasion ended with U.S. victory.
    • 1962 Uganda joins the UN

      Uganda became a member state of the United Nations.
    • 1940 First African-American made general in US military

      Benjamin Oliver Davis became the first African-American general in the United States Army.
    • 1854 Battle of Balaclava

      An alliance of Britain, France, and the Ottoman Empire fought the Battle of Balaclava against the Russian Empire during the Crimean War.
    • 1760 George III starts his reign

      George III started his reign as the King of Great Britain and Ireland.



    alien  Historic Trivia - Hoaxes & Deceptions


    • In 1809, Theodore Hook, a notorious practical joker, was walking through London with a man named Beazley when he passed a rather nondescript row house at 54 Berners Street. He made a wager with Beazley that he could make the house the most famous spot in all of London. Beazley took the bet. Hook then discovered that the only inhabitant of the house was a Mrs. Tottingham, and sent over a thousand letters purporting to be from her. One morning Berners Street was suddenly crowded with men delivering coal, furniture, beer, potatoes, a church organ, and a hearse, wigmakers, hairdressers, butchers, greengrocers, seamstresses, repairmen, a dozen chimney sweeps, two doctors, a dentist, and others, claiming that Mrs. Tottingham had ordered their goods or requested their services. Several illustrious people also converged on the house, including the Duke of York, who had been advised by letter that one of his men lay dying at 54 Berners Street, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the lord chief justice, the governor of the Bank of England, and the lord mayor of London. The lord mayor had a suspicion that Hook was behind this, and police were called out to restore order. Hook won the bet, although the amount won was nowhere close to covering all of his expenses for the prank.
    • In 1935 the Museum of Modern Art in New York City held an exhibition of Vincent Van Gogh's works, at which American artist Hugh Troy played an interesting practical joke. He moulded a piece of beef and placed it in a velvet-lined box, which was labelled: "This is the ear which Vincent van Gogh cut off and sent to his mistress, a French prostitute, Dec. 24, 1888." The ear was the star exhibit until the authorities found out.
    • In the book Predictions for the Year 1708, a soothsayer going by the name of Isaac Bickerstaff made the prediction that John Partridge, a cobbler turned astrologer who was the editor of a rival almanac, Merlinus Liberatus, would die on March 29 around 11:00 p.m. of a raging fever. On March 30, Bickerstaff published a pamphlet claiming that the prediction had come true, Partridge having died within four hours of the predicted time, and that on his deathbed he had even confessed that he was a charlatan. Partridge was still alive, however, and protested that the report was entirely false, even advertising that fact in newspapers. Bickerstaff, together with other writers, continued to insist that Partridge was in fact dead and that the man claiming to be Partridge was an imposter. Partridge lived another seven years, most of which were spent struggling to prove his existence and discover who Bickerstaff was. He never did discover that Bickerstaff was Jonathan Swift, who was better known for Gulliver's Travels.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 26th October

    Post by Kitkat Sat 26 Oct 2019, 13:26

    Erie Canal Opens
     
    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Lockport_bartlett_color_crop

    The Erie Canal is a New York waterway that runs between Albany and Buffalo, linking the Hudson River with Lake Erie.  It was born out of the need for an all-American water route from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic coast that became evident after the American Revolution.  The canal contributed greatly to the development of New York City and the Midwest, allowing for the transport of people and supplies.  Commercial traffic on the canal has since dwindled, and it is now used mainly for what purpose?  More...




    • 2001 Patriot Act Comes into Effect in the US

      Signed into law by President George W. Bush as a result of the September 11, 2001, attacks, the act is formally known as Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001. The act gave security agencies more power to deal with terrorists and terrorist activities and made it easier for them to monitor and investigate people suspected of aiding and abetting acts of terrorism. It has been criticized for its detrimental effect on civil liberties.
    • 1984 First Infant to Receive an Organ From Another Species

      Born on October 14, 1984, with a rare congenital heart defect, Baby Fae received a heart from a baboon. The surgery was performed by Dr. Leonard L. Bailey at Loma Linda University Medical Center in California. While the operation was successful, Baby Fae’s body rejected the heart, and she died a few weeks later.
    • 1947 The Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir Joins India

      Hari Singh, the last ruler of the princely state, signed the Instrument of Accession to join the Dominion of India, in return for protection from the Indian military.
    • 1863 The Football Association is Formed

      The world’s oldest governing football body was created at the Freemasons' Tavern in London. The foundation was instrumental in creating and formalizing rules of the game. Before this, every area and organization playing football (soccer) made their own rules.



    alien  Historic Trivia:  Facts about Flags

    • In 2007, the American military gave Afghan children soccer balls depicting the flags of different countries. The only problem was that one of the flags depicted was that of Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Arabian flag contains the sacred text of the Muslim decoration of faith, and Afghans found it quite offensive for that to appear on an item that was designed to be kicked. Demonstrations ensued until the American military apologized.

    • The only national flag that is not rectangular is that of Nepal. The flag consists of two triangular pennants on top of one another. These two pennants originally flew separately before they were joined into the current shape.

    • The flag of Libya that was used until recently was designed by Libyan dictator Muammar el-Qadhafi. It is simply a plain green rectangle. Until the recent overthrow of Qadhafi, it was the only national flag that was just one solid colour without any design.

    • The U.S. state of Texas was under five different flags in the nineteenth century. At the start of the century it was under Spanish rule as a part of Mexico. Mexico achieved independence in 1821. From 1836 to 1845 Texas was an independent state under its own flag. From 1845 to 1860 Texas was part of the United States; in 1861 it briefly reverted back to its own flag before joining the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War, after which it rejoined the United States.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 27th October

    Post by Kitkat Sun 27 Oct 2019, 12:46

    Italian Public Administrator Enrico Mattei Dies in Plane Crash

    After World War II, Mattei was given the task of dismantling the Italian Petroleum Agency, a Fascist state enterprise.  Instead, Mattei enlarged and reorganised it into the Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI), or National Fuel Trust.  Under his direction, ENI developed large deposits of natural gas in Italy and negotiated important oil concessions in the Middle East.  Mattei became a powerful figure in Italy before he died in a plane crash in 1962.  what conspiracy theories exist about his death?  More...




    • 1999 Shooting in the Armenian Parliament

      8 people, including the country’s prime minister, Vazgen Sargsyan and Speaker Karen Demirchyan, were killed when armed gunmen shot at the members of the Armenian National Assembly. The gunmen claimed that they were there to carry out a coup and that the prime minister was their target. The siege ended after the Armenian troops surrounded the parliament building and the gunmen surrendered.
    • 1991 Turkmenistan Declares Independence from the Soviet Union

      The Central Asian country had been a separate republic of the USSR since 1925. Saparmurat Niyazov, the head of the country under the Soviets, continued ruling the country under the title of President for Life until his death in 2006. The day is annually celebrated in the country as Independence Day.
    • 1904 New York City Subway Begins Operations

      The oldest underground subway system in the United States, construction of the transit system began in 1902. Today, the NYC subway is one of the world’s largest and the most used rapid transit systems in the world.
    • 1838 State of Missouri Passes the Extermination Order

      Governor Lilburn Boggs signed Missouri Executive Order 44 as a result of the Battle of Crooked River which took place a few days earlier on October 24-25. The fight occurred between Mormon forces and a Missouri state militia and it resulted in 4 fatalities. The executive order ruled that ‘all Mormons were to be treated as enemies and that they must be exterminated or driven out of the state for public peace.' The order forced members of the Church of Latter Day Saints to migrate from Missouri to Illinois.
    • 1682 City of Philadelphia Founded

      The historical city in the State of Pennsylvania was founded by English entrepreneur, William Penn. Penn received the land as a payment to fulfill a debt that King Charles II owed to Penn’s father. Philadelphia is the only UNESCO-declared World Heritage City in the United States and it was temporarily the capital of the United States in the 1800s.



    alien  Historic Trivia
    In an attempt to prove his conviction that coffee ws toxic, Sweden's King Gustavus III (1746–1792) performed an unusual experiment. The experiment's subjects were two condemned prisoners, one of whom was given only coffee to drink, the other only tea. Two physicians monitored the two men. Gustavus believed that the coffee drinker would shortly die of acute poisoning, but the first person to die was one of the doctors, followed shortly by the other doctor. Then Gustavus was assassinated. Both of the prisoners survived for several years longer, with the tea drinker dying first.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 28th October

    Post by Kitkat Mon 28 Oct 2019, 11:04

    Statue of Liberty is Dedicated

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Statue_of_Liberty_7

    The Statue of Liberty, originally known as Liberty Enlightening the World, was proposed by French historian Ēdouard Laboulaye in 1865 to commemorate the alliance of France with the American colonies during the american Revolution.  Designed by French sculptor F.A. Bartholdi, the state is 152 ft (46 m) high and is possibly the tallest metal statue ever made.  It was shipped to New York in 1885, assembled, and dedicated in 1886.  What New York tradition originated during the dedication?  More...




    • 2007 Argentina Elects its First Female President

      Former First Lady of Argentina, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, won the elections with over 45% of all votes cast. She was re-elected to office again in 2011, this time with over 50% of the votes cast. Kirchner was not the first woman to serve as Argentina’s president, but she was the first one to be elected. Isabel Martínez de Perón served as the country’s head of state after her husband, President Juan Perón, died in office. When she was sworn in to replace her husband on July 1, 1974, she then became the first woman to be a president of any country to date.
    • 1995 Fire Breaks Out between Two Metro Stations in Baku

      Thought to be one of the deadliest subway disasters in history, the fire started as a result of old and faulty wiring. Over 300 people traveling in a train between Ulduz and Narimanov stations in Azerbaijan’s capital city were killed as smoke filled the subway tunnels.
    • 1938 Germany expels Polish jews

      Germany expelled about 17000 Polish Jews and sent them to Poland which refused to take them in.
    • 1919 US Congress Passes the Volstead Act

      The act enumerated ways to enforce Prohibition. Prohibition was put in place in the country by the 18th Amendment to the Constitution. The amendment made it illegal to produce, sell, or transport alcohol in the US except for medical or religious purposes. The act was named after Andrew Volstead, the Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee who was one of the sponsors of the bill. Prohibition ended with the ratification of the 21st Amendment in December 1933.
    • 1918 Czechoslovakia Gains Independence

      The Central European country had been a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire since the late 1700s. At the end of the First World War, with the end of the Empire on the horizon, nationalists under the leadership of Thomas Masaryk pushed for independence. Masaryk became the country’s first president in November 1918. On January 1, 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully broke up into two countries – the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic.



    alien  Historic Trivia
    The country of Liberia was founded as a voluntary haven for freed American slaves. The American Colonization Society purchased the land from tribal chiefs in 1822; the price included, among other items, a box of beads, three pairs of shoes, a box of soap, a barrel of rum, and 12 spoons.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 29th October

    Post by Kitkat Tue 29 Oct 2019, 12:50

    Black Tuesday

    In the 1920s, the US stock market expanded rapidly and reached a peak in August 1929, when prices began to decline while speculation increased.  On October 24, "Black Thursday", a record 12,894,650 shares were traded.  Banks and investment companies bought large bloks of stock to stem the panic, but on October 20, "Black Tuesday", 16 million shares were traded and prices collapsed.  Why do some scholars contend that the stock market crash was not the cause of the Great Depression?  More...




    • 2012 Hurricane Sandy hits the US's eastern coast

      Hurricane Sandy, a category 2 storm by the time it made landfall in the US, hit the US's eastern coast. The estimated damage from the hurricane was $50 billion.
    • 2008 Delta Air Lines merged with Northwest

      The merger resulted in creating world's largest airline. The merged entity took on the name of Delta Airlines, and the Northwest Airlines brand name was retired.
    • 2005 Bombings in Delhi

      3 separate bombings in India's capital city of Delhi a few days before the important festival of Diwali left about 60 people dead.
    • 1998 Oldest person to fly in space

      John Glenn flew on the Discovery shuttle at the age of 77 years, making him the oldest person to fly in space.
    • 1863 Red Cross founded

      Also known as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the Red Cross is a humanitarian institution that has been a three-time recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.



    alien  Historic Trivia
    The swastika was not invented by the Nazis. It is one of humanity's oldest symbols and probably originated in Asia. The ancient Aryans of India drew swastikas to represent the sun's motion across the sky, and this solar wheel became an emblem of the sun's goodness and regenerative power. In ancient Sanskrit, swastika means "conducive to well-being". Swastikas have also been found on Persian carpets, on representations of the Buddha, on ancient Greek and Cretan coins, and in the Roman catacombs, where it was used as a disguise for a cross by early Christians who sought to avoid persecution.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 30th October

    Post by Kitkat Wed 30 Oct 2019, 11:16

    Soviet Union Detonates "Tsar Bomba"

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Tsar_photo11

    "Tsar Bomba" was the nickname of a hydrogen bomb detonated by the Soviet Union in 1961 that remains the most powerful nuclear weapon ever detonated.  The bomb had a yield of 50 megatons, a force equivalent to 1,400 times the combined power of the two nuclear weapons dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II - or approimately 1.4 percent of the power output of the Sun.  The resulting seismic shock was measurable even on its third passaage around the Earth.  Where was Tsar Bomba detonated?  More...




    • 2014 Sweden Recognizes Palestine

      By doing so, it became the first EU country in Western Europe to recognize the State of Palestine. Yasser Arafat declared an independent Palestine on November 15, 1988. The UN General Assembly recognized it a month later.
    • 1973 Bosphorous Bridge in Istanbul Opens for the First Time

      Construction on the suspension bridge over the Bosphorus began in February 1970. The bridge, which connects Asia with Europe, was designed by British engineers Gilbert Roberts and William Brown.
    • 1961 Biggest Bomb in History is Detonated

      The Soviet Union detonated Tsar Bomba or Big Ivan over the Mityushikha Bay test range on the Novaya Zemlya Island in the Arctic Circle. The 57 Megatons nuclear bomb was one-of-a-kind and the flash of light when it exploded at a height of 13,000 feet was visible over 1000 kilometers away.
    • 1908 First cross-country flight in Europe

      French aviator Henri Farman flew from Bouy to Reims in France. The 14-mile journey took him about 20 minutes. Farman was also the co-founder of the Farman Aviation Works, an airline and engine manufacturing company.
    • 1905 Russian Tsar Issues the October Manifesto

      The manifesto, which was issued by Nicholas II, was a response to the Russian Revolution of 1905 in which there were widespread strikes and protests directed towards the government. The key features of the manifesto included the creation of an elected legislative body called Duma and universal suffrage for men. It also paved the way for a new constitution in 1906.



    alien   Historic Trivia
    An authentic "lost weapon" is Greek fire, which the Byzantine Empire used on several occasions between the seventh and ninth centuries to defend Constantinople against attacking Muslims. Constantinople might have fallen but for Greek fire, and conceivably the Muslims might have taken over a weak and divided Europe. To this day, we don't know exactly what the "recipe" for Greek fire was. All we know is that it burned all the more fiercely when wet (hence it likely contained some sort of petrol compound), and that it could be floated toward the enemy's wooden ships.


    One of the most unusual military maneuvers ever was performed in 1191, during the third Crusade, when Richard the Lion-Hearted captured the city of Acre. The inhabitants were barricaded inside, so King Richard had his soldiers throw 100 beehives over the walls. The people in the fortress surrendered immediately.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 31st October

    Post by Kitkat Thu 31 Oct 2019, 17:13

    Martin Luther Posts his Ninety-Five Theses

    Protestant Reformation
    On this day in history ... - Page 7 95Thesen
    Precursors

    According to the traditional account, Luther posted his Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg, Germany - an event now seen as the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.  Written in response to the selling of indulgences to pay for the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, the theses represented an implicit criticism of papal policy and aroused much controversy.  Who do some scholars question whether Luther actually nailed his theses to the church door?  More...




    • 2011 Day of Seven Billion

      The world's official population reached 7 billion on approximately this day. The United Nations Population Fund designated it as the Day of Seven Billion.
    • 1999 EgyptAir Flight 990 crash

      EgyptAir Flight 990 crashed off the Eastern coast of the US, killing all 217 people aboard.
    • 1992 Catholic church regrets its handling of Galileo Galilee's case

      Then Pope John Paul II acknowledged the errors committed by the Catholic Church while dealing with Galileo Galilei in the 17th century.
    • 1984 Indira Gandhi assassinated

      Indira Gandhi, the first female prime minister of India, was assassinated by two of her bodyguards. Her death sparked riots in India and New Delhi, where several thousand Sikhs were killed.
    • 1978 South Yemen adopts constitution

      The short-lived People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, or South Yemen, adopted its constitution. South Yemen eventually unified with North Yemen in 1990 to create what is today called Yemen



    alien  Historic Trivia
    Henry VIII of England had people who were called "Grooms of Stool" whose job it was to wipe his bottom. During his reign, he had four such people, all of whom were knighted.
    Kitkat
    Kitkat

    On this day in history ... - Page 7 Empty 1st November

    Post by Kitkat Fri 01 Nov 2019, 15:19

    The Malbone Street Wreck

    One of the deadliest train crashes in US history took place during a strike of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, some of whose members operated elevated trains for the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT).  To keep service running, the BRT brought in inexperienced motormen to replace the striking workers.  That evening, a five-car train derailed in the Malbone Street tunnel after negotiating a curve too quickly, killing 93.  How many hours of training had the train's operator received?  More...





    • 1993 Maastricht Treaty comes into force

      The Maastricht Treaty that created a common currency, the Euro, for European Union countries came into force
    • 1955 United Airlines Flight 629 blows up over Colorado

      A bomb hidden in checked luggage of United Airlines Flight 629 exploded over Longmont, Colorado killing all 44 people on board.
    • 1952 First large hydrogen bomb tested by the U.S.

      The bomb, codenamed Mike, was part of Operation Ivy and was tested in the Eniwetok atoll in the Marshall Islands.
    • 1911 First bomb dropped from an aircraft

      Prior to this, bombs were dropped using unmanned balloons. The first bomb launched from an aircraft was used by the Italians in the Italo-Turkish War.
    • 1894 Nicholas II became Tsar of Russia

      The last Tsar of Russia took over the reign of the empire after his father, Alexander III died. Nicholas was forced to abdicate in 1917 and was executed a year later along with his family.





    On this day in history ... - Page 7 3498609568  Historic Trivia
    In Barnsley, England, in 1984, Percy the Chihuahua accompanied his owner, Christine Harrison, on a visit to her parents' home. Percy refused to stay in the yard, darting into the street, where he was hit by a car. The dog displayed no signs of life, so Christine asked her father to bury her pet. Percy was put in a heavy paper sack and entombed in a two-foot-deep grave in the garden. However, Mick, a terrier belonging to Christine's parents, refused to leave the grave. He dug up Percy dragged him to the house, and stimulated his circulation by licking him. Percy was still unconscious but now had a faint heartbeat, and he eventually recovered. Interestingly enough, Percy and Mick hated each other, and continued to do so after this incident.

      Current date/time is Thu 02 May 2024, 16:32